Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Sagittal plane
A
Splits the body into left and right
2
Q
Coronal plane
A
Splits the body into front and back
3
Q
Transverse plane
A
Splits the body up into top and bottom
4
Q
Anterior
A
Front of the body
5
Q
Posterior
A
Back of the body
6
Q
Superior
A
Near the top of the head
7
Q
Inferior
A
Near the soles of the feet
8
Q
Medial
A
Nearer to the midline
9
Q
Lateral
A
Further from the midline
10
Q
Proximal
A
Nearer to the attachment of the limb to the body
11
Q
Distal
A
Further from the attachment of the limb to the body
12
Q
Superficial
A
Nearer to the surface of the body
13
Q
Deep
A
Further from the surface of the body
14
Q
Unilateral
A
Found on one side of
15
Q
Bilateral
A
Found on both sides
16
Q
Ipsilateral
A
Found on the same side
17
Q
Contralateral
A
Found on the opposite side of the body
18
Q
Flexion
A
Decreasing the angle between bones at a joint
19
Q
Extension
A
Increasing the angle between bones at a joint
20
Q
Abduction
A
Movement away from the median plane
21
Q
Adduction
A
Movement towards the median plane
22
Q
Medial rotation
A
Anterior surface of the limb rotates towards the median plane
23
Q
Lateral rotation
A
Anterior surface of the limb rotates away from the median plane
24
Q
Circumduction
A
Circular movement at a joint
25
Elevation
Superior movement
26
Depression
Inferior movement
27
Protraction
Anterior movement
28
Retraction
Posterior movement
29
Eversion of the foot
Sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane
30
Inversion of the foot
The sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane
31
Dorsiflexion
Upwards flexion of the foot
32
Plantarflexion
Downward movement of the foot
33
How often do skin cells regenerate
Every 3 months
34
How often do red blood cells regenerate
120 days
35
Sympathetic tone
Background, low level contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles
36
What causes sympathetic tone
Tonic production of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves
37
Anastomoses
Where arteries connect to each other without an intervening capillary network
38
Significance of an anastomoses
Provides collateral routes for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion
39
End artery
Only arterial blood supply to a given area
40
Lymph
Interstitial fluid in the lymphatic tissues
41
Where does the majority of lymph drain to
The left venous angle
42
Where does lymph from the right lymphatic duct drain
Right venous angle
43
Where does lymph from the thoracic duct drain
Left venous angle
44
Describe the basic upper limb blood supply (4)
1. Subclavian artery
2. Axillary artery
3. Brachial artery
4. Bifurcates into radial and ulnar artery
45
Tuberosity
Rough area of bone where muscles attach
46
How many vertebrae do we have
33
47
Order the different types of vertebrae
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
48
How many cervical vertebrae
7
49
How many thoracic vertebrae
12
50
How many lumbar vertebrae
5
51
How many sacral vertebrae
5
52
What do sacral vertebrae fuse to form
Sacrum
53
How many coccygeal vertebrae
4
54
What do coccygeal vertebrae fuse to form
Coccyx
55
Name C1
Atlas
56
What’s special about C1
Doesn’t have a body or a spinous process, has posterior and anterior arch instead
57
Name C2
Axis
58
What’s special about C2
Has an odontoid process
59
Name C7
Vertebrae prominens
60
What makes C7 special
Arteries don’t tend to pass through
61
Facet joint
Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
62
How many pairs of ribs do we have
12
63
What are the 3 types of ribs
True, false and floating
64
What are the true ribs
Ribs 1-7
65
What are the false ribs
Ribs 8-10
66
What are the floating ribs
Ribs 11+12
67
Where do true ribs attach
Via their costal cartilage to the sternum
68
Where do false ribs attach
Via the costal cartilage above to the sternum
69
Where do floating ribs attach
NO ATTACHMENT
70
Why is rib 1 the least likely to fracture
Protected by the clavicle
71
What’s involved in the pectoral girdle
Scapulae and clavicles
72
What’s involved in the pelvic girdle
Hip bones and the sacrum
73
State the 3 types of joints
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
74
Pivot joints
>45 degree rotation
75
Ball and socket joints
Good ranges of multi-axial movement
76
Plane joints
Minimal movement in one plane
77
Hinge joints
Reasonable range of movement in one plane
78
Biaxial joints
Reasonable ROM in one plane and less in another
79
Give an example of a pivot joint
Atlanto-axial joint
80
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Hip joint
81
Give an example of a plane joint
Acromioclavicular joint
82
Give an example of a hinge joint
Elbow joint
83
Give an example of a biaxial joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
84
Primary cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses
85
Secondary cartilaginous joints
Symphyses
86
State the 3 types of fibrous joints
Syndesmoses
Sutures
Fontanelles
87
Syndesmoses
Unites bones with fibrous sheet
88
Sutures
Between bones of the skull
89
Fontanelles
Wide sutures in the neonatal skull
90
Subluxation
Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
91
Dislocation
Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
92
Paralysis
A muscle without functioning motor nerve supply
93
Spasticity
The muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but controls from the brain aren’t working
94
Atrophy
Wasting muscles
95
Hypertrophy
Muscle enlarges
