anatomy Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
growth is restricted to which region
A
meristems
2
Q
which meristem produce primary tissue
A
apical meristem
3
Q
cells left behind from shoot apical meristem constitute what
A
axillary bud
4
Q
axillary buds are capalble of forming
A
branch or flower
5
Q
meristem +nt b/w mature tissue
A
intercalary
6
Q
where are intercalary meri. present and what they do
A
present in grasses and regenrate parts eaten by grazing
7
Q
what are the two primary meristems
A
apical and intercalary
8
Q
meristem that occur in mature woody regions
A
secondary or lateral
9
Q
shape of sec/lateral meristems
A
cylindrical
10
Q
eg of lateral meristems
A
fascicular vascular cambium (lateral but not secondary) ,interfascicular cambium , cork cambium
11
Q
which meristem produce dermal tissues , ground tissues and vascular tissues
A
specific regions of apical meristem
12
Q
which meristem makes epidermis
A
protoderm
13
Q
how many types of cells present in plants
A
4 ( meris. , paren. , collen. , scleren. )
14
Q
most abundant tissue
A
parenchyma
15
Q
to which parts do parenchyma gives support / mechanical strength
A
none
16
Q
parenchyma shape
A
isodiamteric
17
Q
parenchyma cell wall
A
thin and cellulosic
18
Q
parenchyma function
A
photosynthesis , storage , secretion
19
Q
how are parenchyma packed
A
very closely with little or no intercellular space
20
Q
collenchyma location
A
below epidermis , in young stem or petioles of leaves
21
Q
how is collenchyma found
A
either in patches or homogenous layer
22
Q
where and what is deposited in collenchyma
A
cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin is deposited at corner which makes it thick at corner
23
Q
where is collenchyma absent
A
dicot roots and monocots me totally absent
24
Q
collenchyma cell wall?
A
thin but thick at corner
25
intercellular spaces in collenchyma
absent
26
does collenchyma produce food
collenchyma may have chloroplast so maybe photosynthetic
27
sclerenchyma's which form has thicker cell wall
sclerids
28
sclerenchyma locations
woody parts , fruit wall of nuts , guava pear sapota , seed coat of legumes, and tea leaves
29
fibers ka shape
long elongated , pointed , thick walled
30
sclerids ka shape
sph , oval or cyl , thicker wall than fibers
31
which sclerenchyma occur in groups
fibres
32
which epidermal cell is photosyntetic
guard cells of stomata
33
other name of xylem and phoem
xy - hadrome
phl - leptome
(extra info h zaruri nhi h itni)
34
what are tracheary elements
vessels and tracheids
35
cells of xylem
tracheids , vessels m, xy paren , xy fibres
36
what parts are absent in vascular tissues on gymnosperms but present in angiosperms
vessels of xylem , and companion cells and sieve tube of phloem
37
vessel members are connected by
perforations of common walls
38
which xylem cell maybe septate or aseptate
xylem fibres
39
xylem paren ki walls ke bare me btao
thin walled and walls made of cellulose
40
what is stored in xyl paren.
food in form of starch or fat , and substance like tannins
41
radial conduction of water takes place by
ray parenchymatous cells
42
endarch kya h
protoxylem pith ki taraf hoti h , aur ye stems me milta h
43
exarch kya h
protoxylem periphery ki taraf hoti h , aur ye roots me milta h
44
proto/meta- xylem aur phloem kis kisme present hoti h
sabme rehti h monocots dicots har jagah
45
phloem aur xylem kisko support krte h
phloem sirf khudke cells ko support krta h , aur xylem poore plant ko support krte h
46
which phloem member is absent in monocots
phloem parenchyma
47
what does phloem parenchyma conduct and stores
conducts nothing , only stores food and substance like resin latex and mucilage
48
gymnosperms have what in place of companion cells and sieve tubes
sieve cells and albuminous cells
49
mature sieve tube has ?
peripheral cytoplasm , large vacuole but no nucleus
50
companion cells are what cells
parenchymatous cells
51
sieve tube and comp cells are connected by?
pit fields present between common longitudinal walls
52
what do comp cells do
maintain pressure gradient in sieve tubes
53
phloem fibres are made of
sclerenchyma
54
phloem fibres are absent in
primary phloem but present in secondary phloem , so it means all monocots ke andar bhi absent
55
which phloem fibres are used commercially
jute , hemp , flax
56
which among protophloem and metaphloem has bigger sieve tubes
metaphloem
57
is epidermis a continuous or non continuous layer
continuous
58
how many layers in epidermis
single layer
59
what cells make epidermis
parenchyma cells
60
vacuole size of epidermis
large
61
where are subsidiary cells located
in vicinity of guard cells
62
how many cells in root hair and trichomes
root hair is unicellular
trichomes are multicellular
63
radial vascular bundle present in
both mono and dicot roots
64
conjoint closed vascular bundles present in
monocot stem , and both mono & dicot leaves
65
conjoint open vascular bundle present in
dicot stem
66
outermost layer of dicot root
epiblema
67
cortex made of which cells
parenchyma
68
endodermis how many layers and shape of cell
single layer and barrel shaped cells
69
what layer makes casparin strips impermeable to water
suberin layer
70
pericyle which cells and how many layers
parenchyma and few layers thick
71
in dicot roots , where does initiation of lateral root and vascular cambium start
pericycle
72
how is pith in dicot root
inconspicous
73
the parenchyma cells which lie between xylem and phloem in dicot root
conjuctive tissue
74
how many vascular bundle in dicot root
2-4
75
what layers consist stele
all layers inside of endodermis
76
how is pith of monocot root
big and conspicous
77
how many vascular bundles in monocot root
more than 6 (polyarch)
78
after how many years of fertilization , secondary roots start developing in monocot roots
never
79
hypodermis in dicot stem made of
collenchyma
80
in dicot stem , cortical layers below hypodermis consist of
parenchyma cells
81
cells of endodermis of dicot stem are rich in what and called what
rich in starch grains and called starch sheath
82
pericycle in dicot stem made of what and present as
made of sclerenchyma and present as semilunar patches
83
what kind of arrangement of vascular bundle is characteristic of dicot stem
as a ring
84
how is pith of dicot stem
conspicous
85
size of VB in dicot stem
equal sized vb
86
monocot stem ki hypodermis made of
sclerenchyma
87
VB of monocot stem are surrounded by
sclerenchymatous bundle sheath
88
size of VB in monocot stem
unequal , bigger in centre , smaller near periphery
89
water containing cavities are present in
VB of monocot stem
90
which surface bear more stomata in dicot leaf
abaxial (lower surface)
91
how is cuticle of dicot leaf
conspicous
92
mesophyll is made of which cells and how many types
parenchyma cells
two types pallisade and spongy
93
size of VB in dicot leaf
depends on size of vein , biggest in midrib
94
VB in dicot leaf are surrounded by
bundle sheath cells
95
which cell of mesophyll in dicot leaf has intercellular spaces
spongy parenchyma
96
other name of dicot leaf
dorsiventral leaf
97
other name of monocot leaf
isobilateral leaf
98
which surface of monocot leaves has more stomata
both have same no of stomata
99
mesophyll of monocot leaf differentiated into how many layers
it is not differentiated
100
which cells in monocot leaves are responsible for making leaves exposed or curles
bulliform cells
101
bulliform cells are modification of what
modification of adaxial epidermal cells
102
size of VB in monocot leaves
almost same except in main veins
103
vascular cambium is more active on which side
towards inner side
104
which remains intact after secondary growth , primary xylem or primary phloem
primary xylem
105
sec medullary rays are made of
parenchyma
106
what is formed more , sec phloem or sec xylem
sec xylem
107
how is spring wood or early wood
less density and lighter in color with wider vessels
108
how is autumn wood or late wood
more density and dark in color with narrow vessels
109
what deposition makes heartwood dark
tannin ,resin, oil ,gum , aromatic susbtance , essestial oils
110
features of heartwood
hard durable and resistant to insect and microbial attacks and does not conduct water
111
feature of sap wood
conduct water and minerals
112
other name for cork cambium
phellogen
113
how many layers in phellogen
couple of layers
114
how are cells of phellogen
narrow thin walled rectangular cells
115
what deposition makes cork impervious
suberin
116
cells of secondary cortex are
parenchymatous
117
what contitutes periderm
phellogen , phellem(cork) ,phelloderm (sec cortex)
118
bark refers to
all layers outer to vascular cambium
119
lenticels are what shaped and formed due to which cells
lens shaped and formed due to parencyma cells
120
where does vascular cambium originate in dicot roots
below phloem and portion of pericycle just above xylem
121
wood is actually a ?
secondary xylem
122
origin of vascular cambium in dicot root is
completely secondary
123
interfascicular cambium developes from
medullary rays cells
124
in which xylem member , central cavity is found
vessel
125
xy parenchyma are made of
cellulose only
126
intercalary meristem absent in
dicots
