morphology Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
are all angiosperms characterised by presence of roots,
stems, leaves, flowers and fruits?
A
YES
2
Q
direct elongation (of what ) forms primary root where?
A
radicle, dicot plants majority
3
Q
The primary roots and its branches constitute the?
A
tap root system
4
Q
tap root system eg?
A
mustard
5
Q
primary root short lived in?
A
monocots
6
Q
primary root replacement in monocots? origin?
A
large no of roots, from base of stem,
7
Q
monocots root system and eg?
A
fibrous, wheat
8
Q
roots arise
from parts of the plant other than the
radicle c/a?
A
adventitious roots
9
Q
adventitious roots eg?
A
grass,
Monstera and the banyan tree
10
Q
fxn of root
A
absorption, anchorage, storage, synthesis of
plant growth regulators
11
Q
in diag which is fruit?
A
pink leaf like
12
Q
root cap location?
A
apex
13
Q
above root cap? at what dist?
A
region of meristematic activity, few mm above
14
Q
cell of meristematic activity?
A
very small,
thin-walled and with dense protoplasm. They
divide repeatedly
15
Q
region of elongation cells?
A
proximal to region of meristematic activity, rapid elongation and
enlargement and are responsible for the growth
of the root in length (not breadth)
16
Q
fate of cells of elongation zone?
A
all cells gradually differentiate and mature
17
Q
region of maturation?
A
proximal to region of elongation
18
Q
root hairs present in which region? composed of which cells?
A
region of maturation, epidermal cells ( some not all)
19
Q
fxn of root hair
A
absorb water and
minerals from the soil
20
Q
root cap str?
A
thimble like
21
Q
main fxns which do need need modification in roots
A
absorption, conduction of water and minerals
22
Q
roots for storage? tap? adventitious?
A
get swollen, tap- carrot n turnip
adv- sweet potato
asparagus also
23
Q
hanging str for support?
A
prop roots in banyan tree
24
Q
stilt roots present in?
arise from?
role?
A
stems of maize n sugarcane
lower nodes of stem
support
25
pneumatophores present in?
arise from?
role?
rhizophora
from ground and grow vertically upward
get O2 for respiration
26
region of stem where leaves are born?
nodes
27
stem buds type?
may be terminal or axillary
28
main fxn of stem?
spreading out branches
29
only leaves perform photosynthesis?
no, stem does too
30
underground stem eg and their modif?
potato
ginger
turmeric
zaminkand
colocasia
store food, organs of perrenation
31
axillary bud 2 modif?
stem tendrils and thorns
32
stem tendrils str?
role?
eg?
slender, spirally coiled
climb
gourds ( cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon) and grapevines
33
thorns str?
role?
eg?
woody, straight, pointed
protection
citrus, bougainvillea ( big leaf with small thorn in side)
34
modif in arid region?
role?
flatenned- opuntia
fleshy-euphorbia
photosynthesis
35
euphorbia shape?
cylindrical
36
another underground stem modif?
grass, strawberry
these stems spread to new niches when older parts die new plants are formed
37
mint and jasmine modif?
slender lateral branch arises from base of stem grows aerially then arch downward to touch ground
38
aquatic plants modif?
eg?
lateral branch, short internodes, each node bearing rosette of leaves and tuft of roots
pistia, eichhornia, oxalis (diag)
39
banana etc modif?
in banana, pineapple, chrysanthemum
lateral branches originate from basal n underground portion of main stem then grows hoeizontally underground then comes out upward with leafy shoots
40
how many modif involves lateral branches?
mint, jasmine
pistia, eichhornia, oxalis
banana, pineapple, chrysanthemum
41
how many modif involve underground stem?
grass, strawberry
p, g, t, z, c
42
leaf has bud in?
axil
43
axillary bud fate?
develops into branch
44
leaves origin?
arrangement?
SAM
acropetal ( old neeche young upar)
45
leaf attached to stem by?
additional str there?
is it compulsory?
leaf base
stipules- 2 lateral small leaf like str
no
46
where leaf base expands into into what?
in monocots
exapnds into a sheath , covers stem partially or wholly
47
modif of leaf base in leguminous plants?
swollen, c/a pulvinus
48
petiole fxn?
holds blade to light, flutter
49
reticulate venation arrangement and eg?
network, dicots generally not always
50
parallel venation arrangement and eg?
ofc run parallel, most monocots not all
51
simple leaf?
lamina is entire or incisions do not touch midrib
52
compound laef?
incisions reach the midrib and divide into no. of leaflets
53
bud present in which leaf?
where?
where not?
both simple n compound
axil of petiole
axil of leaflets of compund
54
pinnately str?
eg?
leaflets on common axis
neem
55
midrib name in one of compound leaves?
RACHIS, pinnately
56
palmately?
leaflets at common point i.e tip of petiole
silk cotton
57
phyllotaxy is?
pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem/branch
58
alternate phyllotaxy?
eg?
single leaf at each alternate node
mustard, chinarose, sunflower ( im doing MSC in alternate phyllotaxy)
59
opposite phyllotaxy?
eg?
pair of leaves at each node opp to each other
guava, calotropis
60
whorled phyllotaxy?
more than 2 leaves at a node
alstonia
61
leaf modif?
tendrils fxn n eg?
spines fxn n eg?
tendrils- climbing in peas
spines- defense in cactus
62
leaves store food in ? how are these?
fleshy leaves in onion and garlic
63
australian acacia modif?
leaves are short lived n small
petioles- expand, become green n synthesize food
64
petioles perform photosynthesis in?
austrailian acacia
65
leaves of all insectivorous plants are modified?
no, certain ones like pitcher, venus flytrap
66
flower is a modified ?
shoot
67
flower grows form SAM?
no, the sam changes to floral meristem
68
changes in internode and axis while flowering?
internodes do not elongate
axis gets condensed
69
what produces floral appendages?
floral appendages are same?
location of floral appendages?
apex
no, theyre of diff kinds
laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves
70
when shoot tip transforms into a flower it may be of different inflorescences?
no, it is always solitary
71
what is inflorescence?
arrangement of flowers on floral axis
72
racemose define and tell families?
main axis continues to grow, flpwers born laterally in acropetal order
families- brassicaceae , fabaceae
73
cymose define n families?
main axis terminates into a flower, growth limited, flowers basipetal order
families- solanaceae, liliaceae
74
where are the whorls of flower arranged?
thalamus/receptcle which is the swollen end of stalk or pedicel
75
which organs are the 4 whorls?
calyx n corolla are accessory
andro n gynocium are reproductive
76
what is perianth? eg?
when calyx n corolla are not distinct
lily
lily means whole liliaceae family also monocots
represented as P(3+3) , if floral formula is asked or given then we can find liliaceae family by looking at this
77
sexuality?
rem by
HMB- hermaphrodite, monoecious, bisexual
DU- diecious, unisexual
78
actinomorphic symmetry?eg?
radial sym
MCD ( mustard , datura, chilli )
family- BSL
79
zygomorphic? eg?
both horizontal n vertical plane?
bilateral sym
no, only 1 part, VERTICAL plane
PeGuBeCa i.e pea, gulmohar, bean, cassia
family- F ( ofc since pea n bean are there)
80
asymmetric? eg?
cant be broken in any 2 halves by any VERTICAL plane
Canna
81
what do we check for tri, tetra or pentamerous?
floral appendages multiple
82
bracteate?
if bracts reduced leaves found at base of pedicel
83
how are flowers described as ......gynous?
based on the position of calyx, corolla and androcium wrt ovary ON thalamus
rem all 3 are there and judge wrt to position of these 3 not ovary
84
hypogynous? eg?
hypo se rem the 3 parts are below nd gynocium is highest hence ovary is superior ofc
MCB mustard china rose brinjal
if family- all family
85
tell MSC, MCD, MCB
mustard, sunflower, china rose- alternate phyllotaxy
mustard, chilli, datura- actinomorphic
mustard, china rose, brinjal- hypogynous
86
perigynous? eg?
when 3 parts nd ovary are at same level sp basically located
gynocium at centre and other parts on rim of thalamus
ovary is half INFERIOR ( they could say half superior which is wrong?
RPP ( rose, plum , peach)
87
epigynous? eg?
opp of hypo margin of thalamus grows upward encloses the ovary COMPLETELY and fuses , other parts above ovary
ovary is inferior
Cu Gu Su ( cucumber, guava, sunflower ki ray florets)
88
outermost whorls and its members c/a?
calyx, sepals
89
describe sepals?
role?
green, leaf like
protect the flower in bud stage ( they might say photosynthesis since its green but its not correct)
90
calyx types?
gamosepalous ( united )
polysepalous ( free )
91
aestivation?
arrangement of petals or sepals wrt other members of same whorl
its not like arrangement of sepals wrt petals or vice versa
92
valvate? eg?
just touch one another at margin w/o overlapping
eg calotropis
93
twisted?
overlaps but equally
CCL china rose, cotton, lady finger
94
imbricate
overlaps but unequally
CaGul cassia, gulmohar
95
vexillary? eg? also c/a?
largest standard overlaps 2 petals wings which in turn overlap 2 smallest anterior petal keel
pea, bean, fabaceae family
c/a papilionaceous
96
keel are ant or post?
ANTERIOR
97
vexillary is aestivation of which appendage
petals since only that is mentioned if came choose that
98
how many lobes, pollen sacs are there in each anther?
2 lobes, 4 pollen sacs
99
when stamens attached to petals? eg?
epipetalous , brinjal
100
when stamens attached to perianth?
epiphyllous, lily ofc
101
free stamens?
polyandrous
102
gamoandrous stamens, 1 , 2 more than 2 bundles?
monoadelphous- china rose
diadelphous- pea
polyadelphous- citrus ( rem by polyembryony)
103
variation in length of what in some stamens? eg?
filament , salvia mustard
not variation in stamen, in anther, in androcium its filament
104
min no of carpels in gynoecium?
1, made up of 1 or more carpels
105
apocarpous eg?
lotus, rose, michelia
106
syncarpous eg?
mustard, tomato, papaver
107
placentation?
arrangement of ovules within the ovary
108
marginal placentation? eg?
placenta forms a ridge along ventral suture of ovary
ovules born on this ridge forming 2 rows not a single row
pea rem by margin pe matar rehte h
109
axile placentation? eg?
ovules attached in multilocular ovary
TLC (tomato, lemon, china rose)
rem ki ovules beech mei h ovary multilocular h
110
parietal placentation? eg?
ovules have 2 options 1. on inner wall of ovary
2. on peripheral part
ovary is 1 chambered but becomes 2 chambered due to formation of a false septum
argemone, mustard
111
free central?
ovules born on central axis n septa are absent
eg. dianthus, primrose
112
basal placentation?
placenta develops at base of ovary, single ovule is attached to it
sunflower, marigold
113
in which placentation single ovule present?
basal
114
is fruit a characterstic feature of flowering plants?
YES
115
all pericarps are differentiated into 2 layers?
no, only thick nd fleshy pericarps are differenciated into 3 layers
116
wht is drupe?
the fruit in mango nd coconut rem its fruit not ovary,pericarp etc
117
drupes originate from?
the flower of drupe is?
how many seeds in drupe?
monocarpellary superious ovary
hypogynous
one seeded
118
how is mesocarp in mango nd coconut?
in mango it is edible, in coconut its is fibrous
119
wheat, gram, pea, maize which of them have scutellum?
wheat nd maize
120
the 2 layers of seed coat?
outer testa, inner tegmen
121
where is micropyle located wrt hilum?
above the hilum but in diag of seed hilum is above nd micropyle is below
122
endospermic nd non endospermic eg?
castor, monocots
bean gram pea i.e dicots, orchid (monocot)
123
in seeds of cereals like maize whats unique?
seed coat is membranous nd fused with the fruit wall
124
in monocots embryo is?
embryonal axis is?
small, short
125
order of plant description?
1. habit, veg characters
2. floral characters
3.floral diag nd formula
126
brassicaceae family floral diag?
actinomorphic i.e +
superior ovary i.e G above line hypogynous
bisexual
tetramerous K nd C are 4
127
fabaceae family also c/a?
subfamily of leguminosae
papilionoideae
papilionoidae not fabaceae
128
fabacea family floral diag?
zygomorphic i.e % bisexual vexillary aestivation
129
which is a large family?
solanaceae
130
widely distributed family?
solanaceae
131
stem in solanum tuberosum?
underground
132
floral diag of solanaceae
actinomorphic bisexual epipetalous i.e androcium fused with corolla C nd A fused hypogynous
identify by axile placentation
133
solanaceae eg?
chilli
medi- belladona, ashwagandha
tobacco
petunia
diag of solanum nigrum i.e makoi
134
fabaceae eg
pulses- bean, gram moomg, sem, arhar, soyabean
oil- soyabean, groundnut
fodder- sesbania, trifolium
indigofera
ornamental- lupin, sweet pea
medicine - mulaithi
sunhemp
135
liliaceae charactersitc of what plants?
monocots
136
liliaceae distributed?
worldwide
137
liliaceae underground?
bulbs/corms/rhizomes
138
liliaceae inflorescence?
umbellate clusturs
139
solanaceae seeds?
endospermous
140
liliaceae floral diag?
bracteate Br, actinomorphic, bisexual, perianth i.e P and A fused hypogynous
identify floral diag by fusion
141
liliaceae eg?
allium cepa- onion , asparagus
ornamental- tulip, gloriosa
med- aloe
colchicine- colchicum autumnale
