Anatomy 1.4 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
whats the stabilising structure that helps maintain the longitudinal arch in the foot?
A
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
2
Q
whats the ATFL
A
anterior tibiofibular ligament
3
Q
is deltoid ligament medial or lateral of the foot?
A
medial
4
Q
whats the joint between fibula and tibia called
A
syndesmosis
5
Q
how many compartments are there in the lower leg? name them
A
- anterior, lateral, posterior superficial posterior deep
6
Q
name the 3 different arches in the foot
A
medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, cross arch
7
Q
whats is pes cavus foot
A
high medial longitudinal arch
8
Q
whats pes planus
A
flat foot
9
Q
which structure helps maintain longitudinal arch in the foot
A
aponeurosis (tendon like structure)
10
Q
name the fat pad behind achilles tendon
A
kager’s
11
Q
name the fat pad in the knee
A
hoffas’ body
12
Q
does medial or lateral condyle have bigger surface
A
medial
13
Q
where do you find hoffas fat pad?
A
behind patellar ligament
14
Q
function of hoffas fat pad?
A
shock absoprtion, protects knee
15
Q
which ligament is not connected to the lateral meniscus?
A
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
16
Q
which of the ligaments around the knee is more flexible, which more stiff?
A
flexible: lateral collateral (LCL) and stiff: medial collateral (MCL)
17
Q
which ligament and side of the knee is most commonly injured
A
medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus
18
Q
is MCL connected to the meniscus?
A
yes
19
Q
origin and insertion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
A
O: lateral femur condyle
I: anterior part of tibial plateau
20
Q
where does LCL insert
A
on fibula
21
Q
is MCL or LML a thick ligament
A
MCL
22
Q
which tibial plateau is bigger: medial or lateral
A
medial
23
Q
whatsa bursae
A
a sac like structure
24
Q
which nerve innervates hamstrings
A
sciatic nerve
25
which nerve innervates quadriceps
femoral nerve
26
what does sciatic nerve split into
common fibular (popliteal) nerve
27
name internal rotators of the knee
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
28
name external rotators of the knee
biceps femoris
29
describe where the cruciate and collateral ligaments are
collateral: on the sides of the meniscus. cruciate: in the tibial plateau
30
in knee extension, which ligaments are you putting under tension?
collateral and cruciate
31
which of the meniscus is C-shaped? which -Shaped
O-medial; C: lateral
32
where is there the most vascularisation in the meniscus
on the outside (red red zone)
33
if a patient has locking of the knee, what tear injury does he usually have?
bucket handle or flap tear injury
34
lateral collateral ligament is thin or thick?
thin
35
what do you palpate for Ottawa ankle rule
malleolus, 5th metatarsal, navicular bone
36
name the 4 bony landmarks that should be palpated with ottawa fracture rule
distal 6cm tibia/lateral malleolus and base 5th metatarsal (OAR); distal 6cm medial tibia/medial malleolus and navicular bone
37
name the different joints in the shoulder
GH, AC, and subacromial space between acromion and humeral head
38
name important landmarks on the humeral head
lesser and greater tubercle; inter-tubercular groove
39
where do rotator cuff muscles insert?
greater or lesser tubercle
40
where does the capsule insert in the shoulder?
anatomical neck of humeral head
41
which muscle tendon runs through intertubercular groove?
biceps brachii long head
42
name the fosse on the anterior side of the scapula
subscapularis fossa
43
whats top part of sternum called?
manubrium
44
whats the labrum in shoulder composed of? + function of labrum
a ring of fibrous cartilage; provides stability
45
name an important bone which connects the arm-scapula-trunk
clavicle
46
whats the capsule made up of?
synovial membrane (most outter part), fibrous membrane, tendons, ligaments
47
function of m.subscapularis
internal rotation
48
external rotators of the shoulder? and their insertion
teres minor, infraspinatus. I: greater tubercle
49
biceops brachii muscles: origin?
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; short head: coracoid process
50
which of the biceps brachii tendons most commonly ruptures?
long head biceps brachii tendon
51
which bone is known as atlas? which as axis?
C1: atlas; C2: axis
52
which of the cervical vertebraes (spinous process) can you easily palpate?
C7 (and C2-axis as its the first bone that you can palpate in the cervical spine, below skull)
53
do cervical vertebraes have articular facets for ribs?
no
54
the orientation of facet joints of cervical vertebraes allows which movements?
rotations, flexion, ext, lateral bending
55
which vertebral structure determines the movement the spine can make?
facet joints
56
describe whats special about atlas (C1) structure wise
no vertebral body, no spinous process, 2 facets which articulate with the skull
57
where do you not find intervertebral disc? what do you find instead?
between C0-C1 and C1-C2; synovia joint with a capsule and hyaline cartilage
58
which vertebrae has a long spinous process?
C7
59
split spinous process: typical for which spine vertebrae?
cervical
60
where is dens of axis (C2) located: ventrally or dorsally
ventrally (anterior)
61
where is transverse ligament in the spine?
behind dens of axis (C2)
62
which ligament runs from C0 to C7? and what is its function?
nucheal ligament; prevents forward head posture
63
inguinal ligament: origin and insertion?
O: ASIS, I: pubic bone
64
which ligaments provides stability to SI joint? (3)
anterior sacroiliac lig.; sacrotuberous lig.; sacrospinous lig.
65
origin and insertion of rectus abdominis
O: pubic symphysis; I: lower ribs 5-7
66
which muscle is an important stabilisier in the trunk?
transversus abdominis
67
describe the 3 layers of abdominals
obliqus externus, obliqus internus, transversus abdominis ( and rectus abdominis is most superficial on top)
68
which structure separates the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis
linea alba
69
origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum
O: iliac crest
I: transverse process of L1-5 and 12th rib
70
at what point is m psoas major and m.iliacus considered m.iliopsoas?
once they pass the inguinal ligament and share a tendon, inserting at lesser trochanter
71
which is the deepest muscle of the back?
quadratus lumborum
72
which core muscle is the deepest?
transversus abdominis
73
which structure connects/links abdominal muscles to back muscles?
anterior thoracolumbar fascia
74
which structures can you find below inguinal ligament?
iliopsoas tendon, femoral nerve, femoral artery and vein
75
explain the lateral side of inguinal region: lacuna musculorum
76
which ''lacuna .. '' is located most lateral?
lacuna musculorum
77
which ''lacuna .. '' is most medial of inguinal ligament?
lacuna vasorum (femoral artery, femoral vein, m. pectineus)
78
whats the inguinal triangle (hesselbachs triangle)
medial border: lateral margin of rectus abdominis muscle
superolateral border: inferior epigastric vessels
inferior border: inguinal ligament
79
whats the femoral triangle
triangle composed of
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: m adductor longus
lateral: m sartorius
80
which structures do you find within the femoral triangle
femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
81
name the most lateral and most medial adductor muscles
medial: gracilis
lateral: pectineus
82
which nerve innervates most adductor muscles? which adductor muscle is innervated by something else?
obturator nerve; m pectineus is innervated by femoral nerve
83
which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? common insertion where?
m gracilis and adductor brevis; insert at pubic bone
84
which adductor muscle is rectus abdominis linked/fused to?
adductor longus
85
if rectus abdominis is weak, which other muscle could it affect?
adductor longus
86
is scapulothoracic a true synovial joint?
no
87
origin and insertion of glenohumeral capsule?
O: rim fossa glendoidalis
I: anatomical collumn
88
is GH capsule thicker ventrally or dorsally?
ventrally
89
which rotator cuff muscle inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus?
subscapularis
90
whats bigliani classification?
acromion types (flat, curved, hooked, covex)
91
which muscle belly form biceps gets ruptured more commonly?
long head
92
which movements take place in talocrural joint?
dorsiflexion 30deg and plantarflexion 50deg
93
movements in subtakar/talocalcaneal joint/
inversion 20deg, eversion 5deg
94
where is plantaris muscle
under triceps surae muscles; part of posterior superficial compartment of the lower leg
95
what is fibularis longus and brevis also called?
peroneus muscle
96
deep posterior compartment of lower leg: describe how its composed
tom dick and very nervous harry
tom: tibials anterior
dick: digitorum flexor
and: posterior tibial artery
very: tibial vein
nervous: tibial nerve
harry: flexor hallucis longus
97
which condyle surface of femur is bigger?
medial
98
which structure stabilizes patella in place
patella retinaculum
99
which muscle around the knee is intra articular
m. popliteus (starts on tibia, inserts in knee pit post)
100
whats special about plantaris
small muscle belly, long tendon
| part of post superficial layer
101
origin and insertion of ACL?
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: anterior side of medial tibial plateau
102
which 3 nerves go through the thigh
sciatic , femoral and obturator
103
what does sciatic nerve split into at knee cap
fibular aka peroneal nerve; and tibial nerve
104
which structures attach at lateral meniscus? which at medial
lateral: LCL, some fibers of ACL, muscle popliteus
medial: MCL, semimembranosus
105
during knee external rotation, which direction does lateral meniscus slide?
anteriorly
106
whats insertion of tranv abd, int oblique, ext oblique
linea alba
107
lacuna musculorum- describe composition
m iliopsoas
| nerve femoralis
108
which 2 adductor muscles have a fused tendon? (insert on pubic bone)
m gracilis and m add brevis
