Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PE GCSE > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

name 6 functions of the skeleton and discribe

A

support - keeps the body upright
muscle attachment - via tendons
movement - movement occurs at a joint
shape - the shape of a bone dertermine movements
protection - protect organs
blood cell production - long bones produce red and white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many bones are there (to know)

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a long bone

A

due to shape not size - enable movement to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a flat bone

A

offers protection to vital organs - protects vital organs from impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a short bone

A

minimal movement - shock absorber for weight bearing activites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a fixed joint

A

no movement to be found such as the cramium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a cartilaginous joint

A

some movement can occur - shock absorber such as the veterbrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

wide range of movement where 2 or more bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is cartilage

A

a tough connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a ligament

A

connects bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the synovial joints

A

hinge
ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what movement can happen at hinge joints (& examples)

A

moves in one plane
flexion & extension
plantar & dorsi-flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what movement can happen at ball and socket joints (& examples)

A

moves in 3 planes
rotation
adduction & abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name and explain movements at joints

A

abduction
adduction
rotation
plantar flexion
dorsi flexion
flexion
extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are antagonistic pairs

A

2 muscles working together to create movement
one muscle contracts while the other relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is isometric contraction

A

the muscle is contracting but still (eg. handstand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is isotonic contraction

A

the muscle moves under pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is isotonic concentric

A

contracts and lengthens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is eccentric contractions

A

the muscle contracts and shortens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

joint and muscle movement at bicep and tricep

A

hinge - movement occurs at the elbow - flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

movement at the quadriceps and hanstrings

A

hinge - movement occurs at the knee - flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

movement at the gastrocnemious & tibialis anterior

A

hinge - movement occurs at the ankle - plantar flexion and dorsi flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

movement at the hip flexors and gluteals

A

ball and socket - movement occurs at the hip - felxion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
movement at the deltoids and latissimus dorsi
movement occurs at the shoulder - flexsion and extension/adduction&abduction
26
what is the agonist and what is the anatagonisrt
agonist - contracts and shortens anatagonist - contracts and lengthens
27
explain slow twitch muscle fibers
type 1 for long distance and endurence contract slowly red in color high level of 02 aerobic
28
explain fast twitch muscle fibers
type 2a & 2b for power and strength contract quickly pink or white in color low level of O2 anaerobic
29
functions of the respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide Allows gases exchange Mechanics of breathing
30
flow of air
nose trachea bronchi bronchioles aveloi
31
what do aveoli do
allow for gaseous exchange
32
structure of alveoli
surrounded by capillaries for blood supply huge surface area one cell thick for diffusion
33
what is gaseous exchange
oxygen moves from the aveoli to the blood (high to low concentration)
34
what is tidal volume
the amount of air that is inspired and expired normally
35
what is vital capacity
the greatest amout of air that can be forcefully expired after maximal inhilation
36
what is residual volume
the volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration
37
what is minute ventilation
the volume of air that can be insipred in 1 minute
38
what is breathing rate
the number of breaths taken in one minute normally
39
how do you find minute ventilation
tidal volume x breathing rate l/min
40
what happens to breathing rates during exercise and why
the rate of breathing is faster and the depth of breathing is heavier. this allows more air in so it can go to working muscles
41
what happens during sport to tidal volume vital capacity residual volume
tidal volume - increases vital capacity - decreases slightly residual volume - stays the same
42
what are the components of blood
red blood cells white blood cells plasma platelets
43
what do red blood cells do
carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
44
why are red blood cells important in sport
high aerobic capactiy very good for endurence activity
45
what do white blood cells do
fight infections and kill germs (pathogens)
46
what do white blood cells do in sport
in an athelete is ill (unable to train) it will fight infections
47
what does plasma do
transports everything around thr body (rbc's, wbc's, nutrients and hormones)
48
what does plasma do in sport
vital to move rbc's around so more oxygen can be provided to working muscles
49
what do platelets do
enables blood to clot vital for blood loss will form a scab (protective layer)
50
what do platelets do in sport
vital if cut during a sport such as boxing for rugby
51
what are the 3 blood vessels
arteries veins capillaries
52
explain arteries and details
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart from the heart under high pressure thick muscular wall small lumen
53
explain arteries in sport
heart rate increases muscles need more oxygen for energy blood flow has to increase
54
explain veins and details
carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart under low pressure valves stop back flow thin wall large lumen
55
explain veins in sport
re-cycle blood bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart then lungs
56
explain capillaries and details
they are the link between arteries & veins (move the blood between the 2) very small
57
explain capillaries in sport
very important to allow gaseous exchange to occur
58
what does the heart do
pumps blood to the working muscles (oxygenated) and to the lungs (deoxygenated)
59
what happens to blood during exercise
increase of blood flow to the working muscles becuase of demand for oxygen which provides energy which means the heart rate increases
60
what is heart rate
the number of times you heart beats in a minute
61
what is stroke volume
the amount of blood that leaves the heart via the left ventricle
62
what is cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped out by the heart in ONE minute
63
word equation for cardiac output
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
64
what is anaerobic respiration
exercise in the absense of oxygen
65
equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose --> energy + lactic acid
66
what happens during anaerobic respiration
doesnt use oxygen meaning it can only be maintained for short periods of time. lactic acid is a by product of carbohydrates being used without oxygen
67
example of anaerobic respiration
sprinting
68
what is aerobic respiration
exercise in the presence of oxygen
69
equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen --> water + carbon dioxide + energy released
70
what happens during aerobic respiration
most efficient because with enough oxygen you can work for extended times
71
example of aerobic respiration
long distance (running, swimming...)
72
what is the process of exercise and energy (list, what needs what)
-exercise reuqires energy -muscles need energy -comes from food we eat -glucose is stored as glycogen -back to glucose to be used during exercise
73
what does EPOC stand for
excess post exercise oxygen consumption
74
what is EPOC
it occurs after high intensity periods of work and is the extra oxygen intake after high intensity exercise
75
when does EPOC take place and why
after high intensity exercise is produced lactic acid is produces after recovery extra oxygen is needed to remove the lactic acid so EPOC is used
76
what is oxygen debt (when and what)
A temporary oxygen shortage in the bodies cells and muscles arising from intense exercise
77
factors that affect recovery
age nutrition fitness intensity temperature duration
78
short term effects of exercsie
heart rate increases breathing rate incrases skin turns red body temperature increases sweating fatigue nausea light headed
79
long term effects of exercise
heart size increases (hypertrophy) restin pulse rate decreases (bradycardia) stroke volume increases ability to tolerate lactic acid increases
80
explain a force
a push or pulling action applied upon an object
81
explain large forces
produced when preforming powerful or explosive movements
82
explain small forces
produced when preforming skills that require control and persicion
83
explain push forces
forces that are directed away from a body or object
84
explain pull forces
forces that are directed towards a body or objects
85
explain newtons 1st law
law of intertia an object in motion (same speed and same direction) and an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force forces can cause change in direction, accelerate or decelerate
86
what is newtons 2nd law
law of acceleration an object will accelerate when acted upon by an external force and the acceleration is proportional to the froce and the direction which the force acts force = mass x acceleration
87
what is newtons 3rd law
law of action and reaction for every action there exists an equal and opposite reaction
88
what types of force are there
gravity muscular air resistance ground reaction
89
what is gravity
the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth
90
what is muscular force
a push or pull applied to an object provided by muscualr contractions
91
what is air resistance
the frictional force that air applies against a moving object
92
ground reaction force
the reaction to the force that the body exerts on the ground
93
what is a lever
a solid bar/bone that turns around the axis to create movement & contains 3 main components
94
what is a fulcrum/pivot
a foxed point about which the lever can turn
95
what is the resistance
the load/weight that the lever must move
96
what is the effort
the amount of force which is required to move the resistance
97
what is the way to remeber what is in the middle for levers
123 FRE

PE GCSE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions