Social, cultural and ethical influences

Question 1

what is leisure

Answer 1

time spent away from work and free from obligations

Question 2

what is physical recreation

Answer 2

a physical activity or pastime that promotes health, relaxation and enjoyment

Question 3

what is play

Answer 3

to take part in a sport or activity for enjoyment

Question 4

what is sport

Answer 4

an activity that invovles physical education and skill, either as an individual or as part of a team competing against another person or team

Question 5

give me 5 examples of difference between sport and physical recreation

Answer 5

sport:
needs officials, can be a carrer (earn money), requires a high amount of exertion, has specific strategies

physical recreation:
may have basic or no rules, can be spontanious, not serious or competitive, done for health/enjoyment, no officials

Question 6

factors affecting what someone does during leisure time

Answer 6

Age - Restrictions of ages to prevent injuries, older people have lower levels of fitness which might impact their choice of activity.

Family influence - Their family may traditionally play a sport. Younger people are influenced more by their peers

Interest - Influences by media and their family. Indoor vs Outdoor

Facilities - Standard of facilities around you will influence what you do. E.g. trying to surf in a city not near a cost

Geography of where you live - Depends on what facilities you have near you and what the climate is.

Culture + Tradition - Some cultures promote or disapprove certain activities.

Peer influences - Younger people are influenced more by their peers

Question 7

what are factors which influence the growth in leisure activites

Answer 7

Advances in technology
Wider media coverage
Improvements in healthcare
More leisure activities
Increase in leisure time
Reduced cost of equipment

Question 8

what is the sports development pryamid

Answer 8

the promotion of sports activites for the community

Question 9

describe the foundation level

Answer 9

this is the largest amount of people
consists of young people and beginners
PE lessons or mini sports
learning basics and fundamentals
having fun

Question 10

describe the participation level

Answer 10

individuals make choises about which sports they enjoy and would like to pursue further
organsied sporting activites at clubs
more structured than foundation
enjoyment is main focus

Question 11

describe the preformance level

Answer 11

fcus on developing preformance towards the elite stage
participants focus on 1 or 2 sports
training and competition and regular and important
the emphasis is more on being professional and developing rahter than having fun

Question 12

describe the elite stage

Answer 12

involves the highest level preformers
they move from regional to nationals groups
governing bodies are responsible for development and funding
high levels of support (medical, coaching, nutrition)
sacrifices are made around lifestyle
usually professional

Question 13

why do we need a sports development pryamid

Answer 13

Participants know where they are placed and what their next steps are.

Participants have an appropriate amount of support for their level.

Policy makers and providers can plan how to encourage participants and ensure there are many people staying active and healthy.

Question 14

how can policy makers increse the number of people in the foundation stage

Answer 14

Sponsorship
Pe lessons
Summer camps
Extra curricular
Better and more facilities
Media coverage

Question 15

what is a sports development officer

Answer 15

A professional whose job it is to identify and support a planned route for participants and performers through the 4 stages of the sport development pyramid across all sports.

Question 16

how do sports development officers do their jobs

Answer 16

Awareness - ensuring that all sections of the community are aware of what is provided and where
Sharing information and promoting sports
Organising classes, programmes, coaching, club development and training (specialist coaches)
Working with schools, national governing bodies, councils (camaras) and anyone else who is involved with sports

Question 17

factors affecting access to physicl activity

Answer 17

Age - age restrictions, transport for matches (children), weight training for children is not advised
Gender - men only clubs, women’s sport less popular than men’s (this is changing), less funding in women’s sports
Disability - lack of provision, facilities without equipment (ramps…), lack of transport, need of a coach using a certain type of communication
Social and cultural influences - social norms (acceptable for men vs women), cultural belifs, economic status

Question 18

factors affecting participation in sport

Answer 18

Financial considerations - expensive activities may not be accessible to people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds

Time commitment - family, work or other commitments mean it is harder to be apart of a sport

Role models - fewer in female and minority groups have less role models

Watching sports/ media coverage - men have more inspiration to participate

Environment - where you live (if you live in warm places you will do more outdoor sports)
Family - some women are expected to look after their family

Education - people educated in benefits of sport are more likely to do sport

Discrimination - people who have disabilities or are from minority groups may be discriminated against sport which causes them to not want to do sport

Question 19

strategies to increase participation and overcome barriers

Answer 19

promotion - role models and initiatives (cheeper memberships), education, sports are promoted, use of media
eg. simone biles, serena williams and women role models

access - imrpve facilities, equipment, specialist centers, gyms in offices allow people that work in a office to have access and pricing

provision - leisure centres for older people, appropriate sessions for 50+, gender equality and racism campaigns in sport

PAP acryonym

Question 20

sponsorship

Answer 20

The support given to a sport, sports event or organisation by an outside body or person for the mutual benefit for both parties.

Question 21

brand

Answer 21

The creation of a recognisable image that widely identifies a product and differentiates it from its competitors

Question 22

how can sponsors support

Answer 22

finance: funding from the sponsor to help pay for daily living and training costs of preformers
players may need to promote the business by wearing clothing during competition or at public functions

clothing, footwear and equipment: provide free equipment to high profile athletes for massive exposure
example tiger woods had a line with nike

facilities: stadiums being funded or sponsored by big companies
eg the allianz arena in munich

Question 23

advantages and disadvantages of sponshorship for sponsors

Answer 23

ad:
Their brand gets their products/services promoted through well known individuals
Sponsorship money is generally not taxed
Increases sales and revenue

dis:
If the athlete does something that is not in line with the brand then they may lose that sponsorship and it may affect the brand reputation

Question 24

advantages and disadvantages of sponshorship for preformer

Answer 24

ad:
Provides the performer with potential financial support, exposure and career longevity

dis:
The performer can become reliant on the brand which could then pull them out
Sponsors occasionally go bankrupt causing the the funding to go

Question 25

advantages and disadvantages of sponshorship for sport

Answer 25

ad: rename competitions, cups and leagues, brand their development programmes, improve facilities. More money for sport for better coaches and more dis: when a sponsor's image or product appears to undermine the sporting message Minority sports are less often able to get sponsors

Question 26

advantages and disadvantages of sponshorship for audience and spectators

Answer 26

ad: Sponsors often bring their audiences to the event, helping it grow Sport becomes more high profile and players are better Funding can be used for better stadiums.. dis: Over-Commercialization – Excessive advertising and branding can take away from the enjoyment of the game, making it feel more like a business than a sport. It may be costly and audiences have to pay to watch it

Question 27

role of the media

Answer 27

is to inform the public about the latest news, educate through statistical analysis and pundit opinions, entertain through exciting coverage of events and advertise sports to increase awareness.

Question 28

types of media

Answer 28

Television: subscription and non-subscription provide coverage of various sports Internet: websites provide up to date opinions of sport. Social media allows opinions to be shared and the public see sporting athlete accounts Print media: includes newspapers and magazines which provide weekly or daily coverage of a specific sport usually in more detail Radio: provided sport specific live coverage and allows people to phone-in and give their views

Question 29

advantages and disadvanages of media types of the preformer television internet print

Answer 29

television: increased exposure career growth opportunites replay and analysis increased pressure reduction in attendence editing and misrepresentation internet: direct connection with fans marketing and promotion creative control negaive criticism privacy concerns unstable income print: long lasting in depth converage creadibility limited reach costly time consuming

Question 30

advantages and disadvanages of media types of the audience and spectators television internet print

Answer 30

television: wider access convenience cost effctive lack of atmosphere potential for bias delays and adverntisements internet: easy access to preformances increased variety and choice instant updates and news overload of content advertisements and paywalls shorter attention spans print: detailed information conveinence time dependent geographical limitations enviromental impact

Question 31

advantages and disadvanages of media types of the sport/event television internet print

Answer 31

television: increased popularity financial growth instant replays/VAR tech commercialization increased pressure rule changes for TV appeal internet: fan engagement promotion of lesser known sports accessibility and convenience over concercialisation tech issues/streaming problems print: broader audience reach focused content lack of timeliness limited interactivity

Question 32

amateur def and examples

Answer 32

engaging in a sport on an unpaid basis Sport is leisure activity Take part for enjoyment Taking part is more important than the result Training is done during spare time They choose when they take part

Question 33

professional def and examples

Answer 33

preforming in a sports activirt as ones main occupation or job rather than a passtime Sport is their job Professionals take part for money Winning is usually main aim Training is a full time occupation They preform where and when they are told to (by clubs, managers…)

Question 34

what are blurred lines

Answer 34

The lines between amateur and professional sports have become increasingly blurred due to sponsorships, financial incentives, and commercialization, allowing amateurs to receive funding while maintaining non-professional status.

Question 35

what are advantages that professional athletes get

Answer 35

Professionals are full-time so they are likely to be fitter and have more skill. Professional have access to high quality coaches and technology Professional athlete use better facilities and have access to sports science which helps progress and recovery. Professional athletes may have the opportunity to access high altitude training. Professional athletes have better funding from sponsorship deals.

Question 36

sportsmanship

Answer 36

Sportsmanship is upholding the spirit of the game by being honest and playing by the rules and showing respect for your opponent

Question 37

gamesmanship

Answer 37

Gamesmanship is seeking to gain an advantage in anyway you can that is not against the rules. It may at times be unfair to your opponents and treads a fine line between cheating and playing by the rules It’s playing between the lines of not against the rules and sportsmanship

Question 38

technology in sport

Answer 38

Safety: Helmets, crash mats, motor racing head support Clothing: wicking fabrics, insulated clothing, swimsuits Officiating: marking spray, ball tracking technology, video umpire Training aids: artifical grass, bowling machines, closing roofs Preformance anaylsis: slow motion video, data analysis, OPTA statistics Materials, carbon fibre, rubber tracks, sprung floors Sports medicine: altitude tents, ice baths, cryotherapy, physiotherapy Footwear: studs, spikes, indoor/astro shoes

Question 39

advantages and disadvantages of technology for officials

Answer 39

advantages:Difficult decisions can be reviewed, increased communication disadvantages: more pressure to get the decision correct

Question 40

advantages and disadvantages of technology for preformers

Answer 40

advantages: Improvements in training. Performance can be reviews disadvanages: Not all athletes have access to the latest to

Question 41

advantages and disadvantages of technology for spectators

Answer 41

advantages: Better camera views and slow motion allow better understanding. Expertise analysis. disadvantages: Slows down the game Times of games can be changed

Question 42

advantages and disadvantages of technology for sport/events

Answer 42

advantages: Easier to promote and advertise through social media disadvantages: Changes traditions of sports

Question 43

advantages of being a host nation

Answer 43

Stadia and training facilities Home advantage Increased national pride Improved tourism Increased employment Legacy implications Infrastructure

Question 44

disadvantages of being a host nation

Answer 44

New facilities cost a lot. Buildings may be unused after the event Personal cost (e.g. Higher Taxes) Displacement of people- Rio 2016: slums vs Olympic park Political reasons = demonstrations

Question 45

what are preformance-enhancing drugs

Answer 45

Chemical substances that change the chemical balance of the body when taken, affecting the performer’s ability and providing an unfair advantage when performing.

Question 46

what is doping

Answer 46

The use of illegal substances (PEDs) by athletes or sports performers in order to improve their performances

Question 47

what is ethical

Answer 47

To do with the morals or principles; ethical behaviour involves high moral standards, being honest and following the correct code of conduct.

Question 48

consequences of PED's

Answer 48

Banned from sport Damaging reputation Losing sponsorship Affect their health: - Blood pressure - Heart failure - Liver problems - Effect hormones - Strokes - Weakened muscles.

Question 49

why are PED's banned

Answer 49

So competition is fair To protect the health of the performers Protect athletes from being pressured into using them They are illegal, could lead to suspension or drug scandal (lost sponsorship & bad image)

Question 50

why are PED's used

Answer 50

To enhance performance Keep up with the competition The possibility of increased wealth and fame

Question 51

what are the 4 PED's

Answer 51

Beta blockers Anabolic Steraoids Diuretics Stimulents

Question 52

Beta blockers

Answer 52

Reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure by blocking adrenaline. taken: Tablets or injections advantages: Helps with steady hands and improved focus, reducing anxiety and tremors. disadvantages: Can cause fatigue, dizziness, and dangerously low blood pressure. used in: Archery, shooting, golf test: Blood test

Question 53

anabolic steraoids

Answer 53

Synthetic hormones that mimic testosterone to promote muscle growth. taken: Orally or intramuscular injection advantages: Increases muscle mass, strength, and recovery speed. disadvantages: Can lead to liver damage, heart disease, mood swings, and infertility. used in:Weightlifting, sprinting, bodybuilding test: Urine test

Question 54

Diuretics

Answer 54

Increase urine production to remove excess water and salts from the body. taken: Pills or tablets advantages: Helps with rapid weight loss and can mask other drug use. disadvantages: Dehydration, muscle cramps, kidney damage, and electrolyte imbalance. used in: Boxing, horse racing, wrestling test: Urine test

Question 55

Stimulants

Answer 55

Increase heart rate and alertness by stimulating the nervous system. taken: Pills, tablets, injections or nasal sprays advantages: Enhances endurance, reduces fatigue, and improves reaction time. disadvantages: Can cause insomnia, heart problems, addiction, and anxiety. used in: Cycling, sprinting, American football test : Blood or urine test

Question 56

what is blood doping

Answer 56

it involves removing blood and then re-transfusing it a few weeks later after the lost red blood cells have been replaces

Question 57

what are EPO hormones

Answer 57

erythropoietin hormones natrually occuring in kidneys it causes the body to make more red blood cells

Question 58

how is EPO given

Answer 58

an injection under the skin usually in tummy or thigh

Question 59

how does blood doping with EPO help

Answer 59

it increases RBC production which improves the oxygen supply to muscles this increases stamina (the ability to exert energy and remain active voer a long period of time)

Question 60

risks and side effects of EPO's and blood doping

Answer 60

Feeling sick. High blood pressure. Muscle or joint pain. Blood becomes more viscous which can cause blood clots Increased chance of heart of attack and stroke Risk of infection if you share blood Kidney disease

Question 61

how are injuries caused

Answer 61

Explosive movements Fatigue Poor technique Overuse Overstretching

Question 62

explain winding

Answer 62

difficulty in breathing cause: blow to abdomen by ball or hitting action Treatment: Loosen clothing Crouched position Stay calm and deep breaths

Question 63

exlpain cuts and grazes

Answer 63

Definition: Cut: skin is broken, damage to blood vessels Graze: skin is rubbed off, damage to blood vessels Cause: Cut: contact with sharp object Graze: Scraping/rubbing against rough surface Treatment: Stop bleeding by applying pressure to the area using clean dry material. When bleeding stopped, cover wound with plaster

Question 64

explain blisters

Answer 64

Definition: Fluid filled pocket that forms in the upper layers of skin Causes: Rubbing or burning Treatment: Clean the wound and protect it, rest so that it can heal

Question 65

explain bruises

Answer 65

Definition: results from broken/burst capillaries under skin Purple color is from blood leaking into soft tissue Cause: impact with hard objects Treatment: Cold compresses can help reduce swelling and internal bleeding

Question 66

explain muscle strains

Answer 66

Definition: when a muscle is strained too much and part of it tears Cause: Overuse of muscles or overstretching Treatment: Rest and ice

Question 67

explain joint/ligament sprain

Answer 67

Definition: when a ligament is stretched or torn Cause: Excessive twisting or wrenching of a joint or pulled out of position Treatment: rest and apply ice

Question 68

explain tendon strain

Answer 68

Definition: When a tendon is irritated, over stretched or torn Cause: Sudden sharp movements, repetitive exercise Treatment: Rest and ice

Question 69

explain RICE method

Answer 69

REST stop activity. Rest and protect injured area; ICE -apply ice or similar (bag of frozen peas) to the area 15-20 mins sessions every 2-3 hours, REMEMBER to protect skin. Reduces swelling. COMPRESSION - use an elastic bandage around injured area to help with swelling. MAKE SURE IT IS NOT TOO TIGHT; ELEVATION - keep injured body part raised above level of the heart. Help reduce swelling;

Question 70

definiton for perceived risk

Answer 70

Perceived risk: athletes or individuals personal view, some people may think an activity is dangerous while others may not

Question 71

definition for real risk

Answer 71

Real risk: the amount of risk that exists, level of risk after taking into account safety controls and measures

Question 72

definition for risk assessment

Answer 72

Risk assessment: A process used to evaluate the real risks involved in an activity

Question 73

risks of grass feilds

Answer 73

Grass field: Playing conditions: Slip or trip hazards can be caused by an uneven or excessively wet surface. Goalposts and corner flags: The risk of poorly maintained posts collapsing, or a player colliding with them. Debris: Presence of stones, bottles, litter etc., can cause injuries. Equipment: Poorly maintained or secured equipment can pose a risk.

Question 74

risk of artificial grass

Answer 74

Artificial grass: Increased Injury Risk: Some studies have found that athletes are more likely to sustain injuries on artificial turf compared to natural grass. Abrasive Injuries: Artificial turf can cause more abrasive injuries, along with soreness and pain, compared to natural grass. Heat Absorption: Artificial turf can get much hotter than natural grass, which can lead to heat-related illnesses. Joint Injuries: The harder surface of artificial turf can lead to increased stress on joints, potentially leading to injuries.

Question 75

risk of swimming pools

Answer 75

Swimming pools: Drowning: This is a major risk, especially for young children. Drowning often happens silently and quickly. Slippery Surfaces: Wet surfaces around the pool can cause slips and falls. Chemical Hazards: Disinfectants used in pools can sometimes pose health hazards. Large Crowds: Particularly with small children, large crowds can increase the risk of accidents. Different Areas of Depth: Swimmers, especially those who are not strong swimmers or who are unfamiliar with the pool, can get into trouble in deep water. Water Features and Attractions: Slides, wave pools, fountains, etc., can pose additional risks.

Question 76

risk of indoor sports halls

Answer 76

Indoor sports halls: Uneven, raised, and insecure surfaces: These can cause trips and falls. Placement of equipment: Poorly placed equipment can lead to accidents. Risk of collisions: This can occur due to the close proximity of different activities. Walls and ceilings: Athletes can collide with these during activities. Damage to equipment: Equipment that is constantly being moved can get damaged, posing a risk to users. Availability of space: Limited space can increase the risk of accidents.

Question 77

strategies to reduce risk or injury

Answer 77

Protective clothing and equipment Appropriate clothing & footwear Lifting and carrying equipment safely Maintaining hydration Use of warm and cool down Following the rules Suitable level of competition