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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Which structure is most likely to be divided to enter abdominal cavity during femoral hernia repair?

A

Posterior lamina of rectus sheath

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2
Q

What structures form the anterior rectus sheath?

A

External oblique aponeurosis and anterior part of internal oblique aponeurosis

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3
Q

What structures from the posterior rectus sheath between the costal margin anad arcuate line

A

Posterior part of the internal oblique aponeurosis and transversus abdominis

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4
Q

Below the arcuate line what structures form the rectus sheath

A

Aponeurosis of all muscles lie in anterior aspect of rectus sheath

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5
Q

Below the arcute line, what structures lie posterior to rectus sheath

A

Transversalis fascia and peritoneum

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6
Q

What is the arcuate line

A

Point at which inferior epigastric vessels enter rectus sheath

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7
Q

Which vessel is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

Maxillary artery

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8
Q

Which artery runs behind the pterion

A

Middle meningeal artery

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9
Q

Which nerve is the middle meningeal artery intimately asociated with - wrapped around the artery

A

Auriculotemoral nerve

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10
Q

Which artery lies at the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Circumflex humeral artery

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11
Q

Where are musculu pectinati found and what are they

A

Right atria - they are internal muscular ridges on the anterolateral surface of the chambers

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12
Q

What needs to be divided during splenectomy

A

Short gastric vessels

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13
Q

Splenic anatomy:
Embryology
Position

A

Dervied from mesenchymal tissue
Below 9-12th ribs

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14
Q

Which structure does not lie within the pleural hilum

A

Azygos vein

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15
Q

What are the anatomical boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

APEX: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius at the occipital bone

ANTERIOR: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

POSTERIOR: Anterior border of trapezius

BASE: Middle third of clavicle

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16
Q

Nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Accessory nerve
Phrenic nerve
Three trunks of brachial plexus
Cervical plexus:
1. Supraclavicular nerve, 2. Transverse cervical nerve
3. Great auricular nerve 4. Lesser occipital nerve

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17
Q

Vessels in posterior triangle of neck

A

External jugular vein + Subclavian artery

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18
Q

Which is anterior in hilum of kidney

A

Renal vein, artery and ureter lies posteriorly

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19
Q

Adductor longus:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation

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A

Anterior body of pubis
Middle third of linea aspera
Adducts and flexes thigh, medially rotates hip
Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-4)

20
Q

Which vessel requires high ligation to provide optimal oncological control during right hemicolectomy for cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ileo-colic artery

21
Q

Caecum:
Location
Posterior relations
Anterior relations
Arterial supply
Lymphatic drainage

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A

Location: Proximal right colon below ileocaecal valve, Intraperitoneal

Posterior relations: Psoas, Iliacus, Femoral nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Gonadal vessels

Anterior relations: Greater omentum

Arterial supply: Ileocolic artery

Lymphatic drainage: Mesenteric nodes accompany venous drainage

22
Q

R + L kidney:
Size
Posterior relations
Anterior relations
Superior relations

Study These Flashcards
A

11cm L x 5cm W x 3cm D
R
Posterior: Quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis

Anterior: Hepatic flexure of colon

Superior: Liver, adrenal gland

L
Posterior: Quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis

Anterior: Stomach, Pancreatic tail

Superior: Spleen, adrenal gland

23
Q

Layers of scrotum

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A
  1. Skin
  2. Dartos fascia and muscle
  3. External spermatic fascia
  4. Cremasteric muscle and fascia
  5. Internal spermatic fascia
  6. Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis

A mnemonic which may help:
Some Damned Examiner Called It The Testes (skin dartos external fascia cremaster internal fascia tunica Testes)

24
Q

Muscles innervated by the radial nerve

Study These Flashcards
A

Mnemonic for radial nerve muscles: BEST

B rachioradialis
E xtensors
S upinator
T riceps

25
What nerve may be injured during ligation of the inferior thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior) External laryngeal nerve (superior)
26
What layer forms the superolateral edge and inferomedial wall of the deep inguinal ring
Superolateral - Transversalis fascia Inferomedial - Epigastric vessels
27
Which branches of which nerves supply taste and sensation to anterior 2/3rd of tongue
Sensation - Lingual branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Taste - Chorda tympni branch of facial nerve
28
Which branch of which nerve supplies taste and sensation to posterior third of tongue
Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve supplies common taste and sensation
29
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres
X (vagus) IX (glossopharyngeal) VII (facial) III (oculomotor)
30
Sartorius muscle: Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action Important relations
Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion - Medial surface of the of the body of the tibia (upper part). It inserts anterior to gracilis and semitendinosus Nerve Supply - Femoral nerve (L2,3 -root values for sartorius) Action - Flexor of the hip and knee, slight abducts the thigh and rotates it laterally It assists with medial rotation of the tibia on the femur. For example it would play a pivotal role in placing the right heel onto the left knee ( and vice versa) Important relations - The middle third of this muscle, and its strong underlying fascia forms the roof of the adductor canal , in which lie the femoral vessels, the saphenous nerve and the nerve to vastus medialis.
31
Trapezius Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Origin: Medial 1/3rd of superior nuchal line of occiput. External occipital protuberance. Nuchal ligament. Spine of C7 + T all intervening interspinous ligaments Insertion: Posterior border of lateral 1/3rd of clavicle. Medial border of acromion. Upper border of crst of spine of scapula. Nerve: Spinal portion of accessory nerve Actions: Elevation of shoulder girdle. Lateral rotation of scapula
32
What are anterior and posterior fascial layters of the rectum
Anterior - Denonvilliers Posterior - Waldeyers
33
Deep lateral hip rotators
Piriformis Gemelli Obturator internus Quadratus femoris
34
Innervation of gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus - Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata - Superior gluteal nerve
35
Branches of each of 3 parts in axillary artery
1st - Superior thoracic artery 2nd - Thoracoacromial artery which has 4 branches, Lateral thoracic artery 3rd - Posterior and anterior circumflex humeral artery, Subscapular
36
median nerve where it starts and descend into
The median nerve is formed by the union of a lateral and medial root respectively from the lateral (C5,6,7) and medial (C8 and T1) cords of the brachial plexus; the medial root passes anterior to the third part of the axillary artery. The nerve descends lateral to the brachial artery, crosses to its medial side (usually passing anterior to the artery). It passes deep to the bicipital aponeurosis and the median cubital vein at the elbow. It passes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle, and runs on the deep surface of flexor digitorum superficialis (within its fascial sheath). Near the wrist it becomes superficial between the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis, deep to palmaris longus tendon. It passes deep to the flexor retinaculum to enter the palm, but lies anterior to the long flexor tendons within the carpal tunnel.
37
Damage at wrist of median nerve - 2 deformities motor and one sensory loss
Carpal tunnel syndrome Ape hand deformity (wasting of thenar muscles esp opponens pollicis) Sensory loss to palmar aspect of lateral (radial) 2 1/2 fingers
38
Which nerves innervates the posterior and anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posterior - Mylohoid nerve Anterior - Facial
39
Triceps: Origin Insertion Innervation Blood supply Action
ORIGIN: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Lateral head- dorsal surface of the humerus, lateral and proximal to the groove of the radial nerve Medial head- posterior surface of the humerus on the inferomedial side of the radial groove and both of the intermuscular septae INSERTION: Olecranon process of the ulna. Here the olecranon bursa is between the triceps tendon and olecranon. Some fibres insert to the deep fascia of the forearm, posterior capsule of the elbow (preventing the capsule from being trapped between olecranon and olecranon fossa during extension) INNERVATION: Radial nerve BLOOD SUPPLY: Profunda brachii artery ACTION: Elbow extension RELATION: Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie between lateral and medial head
40
What is in the femoral triangle
Femoral vein (medial to lateral) Femoral artery-pulse palpated at the mid inguinal point Femoral nerve Deep and superficial inguinal lymph nodes Lateral cutaneous nerve Great saphenous vein Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
41
Boundaries of femoral triangle
Superiorly: inguinal ligament Laterally: Sartorius Medially: Addutor longus Floor: Iliopsoas, adductor longus and pectineus Roof: Fascia lata, Superficial fascia Superficial inguinal LN, Long saphenous vein
42
Indication for interosseous nerve lesion
Loss of pincer grip and normal sensation
43
Anterior interosseous nerve innervation
Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus Radial half of flexor digitorum profundus
44
which nerve is recurrent laryngeal nerve connected to
Vagus nerve
45
which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
46

MRCS (6 decks)

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