Anatomy 2 Exam 1 Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
study of muscles; movement of & within the body
A
Myology:
2
Q
3 Types of Muscle
a) cardiac - (heart) involuntary; slightly striated
b) visceral - (organs) smooth; single nucleus; involuntary;
c) skeletal - striated; multi-nucleated; voluntary
A
Skeletal Muscle
Approximately 500 skeletal muscles in the body
Total mass of skeletal muscle tissue accounts for about 45% of the body weight
Tendon: connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone or muscle to muscle.
3
Q
broad flat tendon
A
aponeurosis
4
Q
3 parts of skeletal muscle:
A
Body:
Origin:
Insertion:
5
Q
bulky fleshy part of muscle which shortens and thickens during contraction
A
Body:
6
Q
relatively fixed point of attachment of the muscle
A
Origin:
7
Q
relatively movable point of attachment of the muscle
A
Insertion:
8
Q
- Action: name for the particular type of action they produce upon contraction
A
a. flexion and extension:
b. abduction and adduction:
c. pronation and supination:
d. eversion and inversion:
e. constriction and dilation:
f. elevation and depression:
g. rotation:
h. circumduction:
9
Q
muscle decreases the angle between 2 body parts
A
flexor
10
Q
muscle increases the angle between 2 body parts
A
extensor
11
Q
muscle action pulls a body part away from the median plane
A
abductor
12
Q
muscle action pulls a body part toward the median plane
A
adductor
13
Q
muscle turns the palm of the hand posteriorly (out of anatomical position)
A
pronator
14
Q
turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)
A
supinator
15
Q
implies a turning outward or inside out,
A
eversion
16
Q
means to draw inward or outside in. The feet are initially positioned in an inverted position.
A
inversion
17
Q
muscle, such as a sphincter muscle, narrows or binds a vessel, opening or passageway
A
constrictor
18
Q
expands an organ, vessel, or orifice.
A
dilator
19
Q
muscles raise a particular body part or organ,
A
elevator
20
Q
muscle, be it of the tongue or otherwise, lowers a part
A
depressor
21
Q
this muscle action has no antagonistic muscle action, but rather refers to the turning of a bone about its long axis, as when you shake your head no.
A
rotation:
22
Q
movement by a 3rd base coach in baseball, as he waves in a runner from 2nd base to try and score a run.
movement such that the distal end of a bone describes a circle, and the shaft describes a cone.
A
circumduction:
23
Q
Shape: name describe the shape of a muscle
A
a. deltoid: triangular b. platysma: flat
c. quadratus: four-sided d. vastus: large
e. trapezius: trapezoid f. rectus: straight
g. orbicularis, sphincter muscles: circular-shaped
24
Q
deltoid:
A
triangular
25
platysma:
flat
26
quadratus:
four-sided
27
vastus:
large
28
trapezius:
trapezoid
29
rectus:
straight
30
orbicularis, sphincter muscles:
circular-shaped
31
Points of attachment: muscles named according to their points of origin and insertion
a. sternocleidomastoid: sternoclavicular articulation and mastoid process of the temporal bone
b. occipitofrontalis: occipital bone and frontal bone
a. sternocleidomastoid:
| b. occipitofrontalis:
32
sternoclavicular articulation and mastoid process of the temporal bone
sternocleidomastoid:
33
occipital bone and frontal bone
occipitofrontalis:
34
Number of divisions:
| biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
Number of divisions:
| biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
35
Location:
Location:
a. intercostal: between the ribs
b. buccinator: facial cheeks
c. orbicularis oris: circular-shaped muscle of the mouth
d. orbicularis oculi: circular-shaped muscle of the eye
e. superficial vs. deep: the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep
f. brachii: muscles of the arm
g. femoris: muscles of the thigh
36
between the ribs
intercostal:
37
facial cheeks
buccinator:
38
circular-shaped muscle of the mouth
orbicularis oris:
39
circular-shaped muscle of the eye
orbicularis oculi:
40
the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep
superficial vs. deep:
41
muscles of the arm
brachii:
42
muscles of the thigh
femoris:
43
Direction of fibers:
a. external oblique:
b. internal oblique:
c. transversus abdominus:
44
the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a "V"
external oblique:
45
the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted "V" (a teepee)
internal oblique:
46
innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally)
transversus abdominus:
47
Size: many times second part of the name of muscle tells you something about its size
a. pectoralis major (large), pectoralis minor (small)
b. gluteus maximus (large), gluteus medius (medium), gluteus minimus (small)
c. adductor magnus (large), adductor brevis (short, small)
d. gastroncnemius (calf muscles): large in terms of size
e. arrector pili muscles: cause goosebumps; small in terms of size
48
major
maximus
magnus
Large muscle names
49
minor
minimus
brevis (short)
Small muscle names
50
medius
Medium muscle names
51
(calf muscles): large in terms of size
gastroncnemius
52
cause goosebumps; small in terms of size
arrector pili muscles:
53
a. occipitofrontalis (epicranius) - galea aponeurotica
| b. muscles of mastication (chewing and swallowing)
Muscles of the head
54
1. masseter
2. temporalis
3. lateral (external) pterygoid
4. medial (internal) pterygoid
Head Muscles of mastication (chewing and swallowing)
55
1. platysma
2. omohyoid
3. sternocleidomastoid
Major muscles of the neck
56
i. trapezius
| ii. latissimus dorsi
Back muscles
57
i. pectoralis major
ii. external intercostals
iii. internal intercostals
Major chest muscles
58
i. Anterolateral wall
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus abdominus
ii. Anteromedial wall
1. Rectus abdominus
iii. Posterior wall
1. Psoas major (iliopsoas)
muscles of the abdomen
59
ii. Openings
1. Esophageal orifice
2. Aortic orifice
3. Inferior vena caval orifice
Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)
60
i. Deltoid
| ii. Teres major
Shoulder muscles
61
i. Biceps brachii
ii. Coracobrachialis
iii. Brachialis
iv. Triceps brachii
Arm muscles (between shoulder and elbow)
62
i. Ventral aspect (listed from medial to lateral)
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
2. Flexor digitorum superficialis
3. Flexor carpi radialis
ii. Dorsal aspect
1. Superficial: brachioradialis
2. Deep: ( aid in extension and supination of the hand)
Forearm muscles (between elbow and wrist)
63
i. Gluteus maximus
Gluteal region
64
i. Anterior femoral muscles
1. Sartorius
2. Quadriceps femoris
ii. Medial femoral muscles
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor magnus
iii. Posterior femoral muscles (hamstring group)
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus
Thigh muscles (located between the hip and knee)
2. Quadriceps femoris
a. Retus femoris
b. Vastus lateralis
c. Vastus medialis
d. Vastus intermedius
65
i. Anterior muscles: tibialis anterior
ii. Posterior muscles (calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed)
1. Gastrocnemius
2. soleus
Leg muscles (located between the knee and ankle)
66
broad flat tendon that attaches the frontalis & occipitalis muscles; elevate elbrow & draw/pull scalp backwards; point of attachment
occipitofrontalis (epicranius) – galea aponeurotica:
67
chewer’s muscle; close mandible & clinch teeth
masseter:
68
shell or fan shape muscle located on squamous portion of temporal bone; close & protrude mandible; location
temporalis:
69
strap like muscle located on side of jaw; open jaw & move mandible side to side
lateral (external) pterygoid:
| medial (internal) pterygoid:
70
extremely thin & flat muscle of the neck; depress mandible & wrinkle skin of neck; shape
Platysma:
71
muscle between shoulder & hyoid bone; depress & lower hyoid; point of attachment
Omohyoid:
72
rotate the head as in shaking it for no; forms lateral boundary for anterior triangle; serves as anatomical guide to raise common carotid artery & internal jugular vein; point of attachment
Sternocleidomastoid:
73
shrug/elevate shoulders; shape
trapezius:
74
flat muscle of lower back
latissimus dorsi:
75
large muscle of upper chest region; draw upper extremities medially/together
pectoralis major:
76
muscle inside ribs; draw ribs together/medially
external intercostals:
| internal intercostals:
77
the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a "V"; twist the abdomen wall
External oblique:
78
the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted "V" (a teepee); twist the abdomen wall
Internal oblique:
79
innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally); twist the abdomen wall
Transversus abdominus:
80
major muscle used when performing situps
Rectus abdominus:
81
used as anatomical guide to raise external iliac artery in autopsy case
Psoas major (iliopsoas):
82
Function: major muscle of breathing/inhalation
Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)
83
Diaphragm Openings
1. Esophageal orifice: opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes
2. Aortic orifice: opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes
3. Inferior vena caval orifice: opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes
Diaphragm Openings
1. Esophageal orifice: opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes
2. Aortic orifice: opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes
3. Inferior vena caval orifice: opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes
84
opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes
Esophageal orifice:
85
opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes
Aortic orifice:
86
opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes
Inferior vena caval orifice:
87
gives roundness & fullness of shoulder;
abduct the arm
most common injection point;
Deltoid (shape):
88
largest muscle of shoulder;
| adduct & immediately rotate the arm;
Teres major (size):
the tendon of teres major muscle is used as an anatomical limit which separate axillary artery and brachial artery
89
(guns) anatomical guide for raising brachial artery; flex the arm & forearm
Biceps brachii (number location):
90
anatomical guide for raising axillary artery; flex the arm & forearm
Coracobrachialis (location):
91
lye deep to biceps brachii; flex the arm & forearm
Brachialis:
92
only posterial muscle of arm; extend the arm & forearm
Triceps brachii:
93
most medial ventral muscle formed; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery
Flexor carpi ulnaris:
94
most prominent central tendon seen at middle of wrist; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery
Flexor digitorum superficialis:
95
most lateral ventral muscle formed; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery
Flexor carpi radialis:
96
**
| Ulnar artery lies "?" to tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
lateral
97
**
| Ulnar artery lies "?" to tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
medial
98
**
| Ulnar artery lies "?" tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum superficialis
midway/between
99
**
| radial artery lies "?" to tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle at wrist
lateral
100
Known as Popeye muscle
aid in extension and supination of the hand
Brachioradialis (Superficial):
101
(you don’t need to know any of them by name; simply remember that as a group, they aid in extension and supination of the hand)
Deep Dorsal Forearm Muscles:
102
largest muscle of gluteal region;
favorite site of needle injection;
abduct & extend the thigh
Gluteus maximus (location size):
103
(tailor muscle) longest muscle of body;
lateral boundary of femoral triangle;
major muscle used when crossing legs
Sartorius:
104
muscles that come together in tendon surrounding patella/knee cap
Quadriceps femoris (number location):
105
most superficial, straight muscle of thigh; extend leg as in kicking football
Retus femoris (shape location):
106
most largest lateral head of quadriceps femoris;
| extend leg as in kicking football
Vastus lateralis (shape):
107
most medial head of quadriceps femoris;
| extend leg as in kicking football
Vastus medialis (shape):
108
large muscle located between vastus lateralis & vastus medialis;
extend leg as in kicking football
Vastus intermedius (shape):
109
longest adductor muscle; bring leg to medial plane;
medial boundary of femoral triangle;
keep you on horse & hurts after you get off horse
Adductor longus (action size):
110
largest of adductor muscle & largest of medial thigh muscle;
keep you on horse & hurts after you get off horse
Adductor magnus (action size):
111
opening of adductor magnus muscle ;
| boundary line between femoral blood vessels & popliteal blood vessels
?
112
most lateral of posterior thigh muscle; flex the leg
Biceps femoris (number location):
113
the tendon that stands out the most when tense;
| flex the leg
Semitendinosus:
114
most medial posterior muscle of thigh;
| flex the leg
Semimembranosus:
115
only anterior muscle of leg; for walking on the balls/heals of feet (dorsiflexion)
tibialis anterior (location):
116
calf muscle; toe dancer muscle; walking on tiptoe (plantarflexion)
Gastrocnemius (size):
| calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed-attach to heal bones
117
walking on tiptoe (plantarflexion)
Soleus:
| calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed-attach to heal bones
