anatomy 2.1 Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
pelvic inlet boundaries
A
lateral/ventral: arcuate line of the ilium
dorsal: sacrum
2
Q
pelvic outlet boundaries
A
ventral: ischiatic arch
Dorsal: first caudal vertebra
lateral: soft tissue
3
Q
What are the two muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
A
coccygeus and levator ani
4
Q
Which muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is more lateral?
A
coccygeus – short and thick
5
Q
which muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is more medial
A
levator ani – fan like and thinner
6
Q
the space excluded from the pelvis cavity by the pelvic diaphragm and is normally occupied by fat
A
ischiorectal fossa
7
Q
boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa
A
lateral wall: ischial tuber and sacrotuberous ligament
medial wall: pelvic diaphragm
ventral wall: pelvic floor
Base: Skin
8
Q
a continuation of the colon beginning at the pelvic inlet
A
rectum
9
Q
surrounds the anus and vulva and covers the pelvic outlet
A
perineum
10
Q
region that is between the tail and scrotum/udder
A
perineal
11
Q
this can tear during parturition – ouch
A
perineal body
12
Q
between the anus and dorsal commissure
A
perineal body
13
Q
protrusion of the pelvic or abdominal viscera through a weakened or ruptured pelvic diaphragm
A
perineal hernia
**this occurs between the external anal sphincter, levator ani, and internal obturator mm
14
Q
pouch between rectum and genital fold
A
rectogenital
15
Q
pouch between bladder and uterus/prostate
A
vesicogential
16
Q
pouch between bladder and pubis
A
pubovesical
17
Q
folds that are persistent and converge at the exit from the bladder
A
urethral crest
18
Q
layer of the outer bladder wall that will squeeze and empty the bladder
A
detrusor muscle
19
Q
triangle thats bounded by the ureteric and urethral openings
A
trigone
20
Q
remnant of the umbilical artery is here…?
A
round ligament of the bladder found in the lateral ligament of the bladder
21
Q
In comparison to the female repro system, do the bladder lay dorsally or ventrally?
A
VENTRAL
22
Q
blind pouch of the female urethra found in cows and sows
A
suburethral diverticulum
23
Q
surrounds the urethra and part of the external urethral sphincter
A
urethralis muscle
24
Q
opens ventrally at the junction of the vestibule and vagina
A
female urethra
25
male urethra is divided into...
penile and pelvic
26
elevated region on the urethral crest and the opening of the deferent ducts and prostate
colliculus seminalis
27
the internal iliac terminates as what two branches cranial to the sacroiliac joint?
1. caudal gluteal a.
| 2. internal pudendal a.
28
carries blood from the aorta to the placenta in the fetus
umbilical artery
**in the adult it may give off the cranial vesicle artery
29
what does the umbilical artery branch off of?
internal iliac a
30
three terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery
1. ventral perineal
2. urethral
3. artery of the penis/clitoris
31
the artery that follows the sciatic nerve
caudal gluteal artery
**branch of the internal iliac
32
main blood supply to the middle gluteal muscle
cranial gluteal artery
33
what is the SNS to the pelvic plexus
hypogastric n -- POST synaptic
34
what is the PSNS to the pelvic plexus
pelvic n -- PRE synaptic
35
what innervates the pelvic viscera
pelvic plexus
36
somatic innervation to the cremaster muscle
genitofemoral nerve
37
supplies sensory to skin of inguinal region, spermatic fascia, scrotum, and prepuce
genitofemoral nerve
38
somatic innervation to the striated musculature of perineum
pudendal nerve
39
sensory innervation to the rectum, anus, vulva, penis, clitoris, and perineum
pudendal nerve
40
a ridge like projection dorsal to the urethral orifice
urethral tubercle
41
space between vagina and vulva
vestibule
42
elongated mass of erectile tissue deep to vestibular mucosa that contributes to the "tie" during copulation in female dogs
vestibular bulbs
43
where does the vaginal artery come from
internal pudendal artery
44
located between the cervix and the vestibule
vagina
45
T/F
| vagina is distensible
TRUE
46
type of uterus with 2 horns
bicornuate
47
ligament that connects the uterus and ovary
proper ligament
48
protects the uterus from the external environment
cervix
49
infection of the uterus
pyometra
50
where does the ovarian artery branch from?
directly off the aorta
51
where does fertilization occur?
the ampulla of the uterine tube
52
what supplies the uterus
uterine artery from the vaginal artery
53
connects ovary to body wall
mesovarian -- broad ligament
54
encloses ovary within ovarian bursa along with the mesovarian
mesosalpinx
55
broad ligament component that begins at the cranial edge of the uterine horn and continues caudally
mesometrium
56
what supplies the scrotum?
external pudendal artery
57
what muscle do the cremasters come from
the caudal portion of the internal abdominal oblique
58
a muscle that pulls the testes closer to the body
cremaster muscle
59
testes blood supply?
the testicular artery
testicular vein
pampiniform plexus --
60
covers the surface of the testes
tunica albuginea
61
name for when a testicle doesnt descend
cryptorchidism
62
maturation and storage of spermatozoa
epididymis
63
what supplies the ductus deferens
artery of the ductus deferens -- a branch off of the prostatic artery which comes from the internal pudendal artery
64
connects the testes to the tail of the epididymis
proper ligament of the testes
65
connects the tail of the epididymis to the layers of the vaginal tunic
ligament of the tail of the epididymis
66
3 parts of the penis
root
body
glans
67
which part of the penis contains the os penis
glans penis
68
what muscle covers the crus of the penis
ischiocavernosus
69
bilateral and anchors penis to ischial arch
crus of penis
70
lies between the two crura and is externally covered by the bulbospongiosus muscle
bulb of the penis
71
begins where the two crura join to form the dorsal erectile columns
body of the penis
72
dog expansion of the corpus spongiosum in the proximal third of the penis
bulbous glandis -- contributes to the tie during copulation in DOGS
73
forms the apex of the penis
pars longus glandis
74
function of os penis
protection of urethra
75
where does the penile urethra begin
at the ischial arch
76
what surround the penile urethra
corpus spongiosum muscle
77
fold of skin covering the glans penis
prepuce
78
T/F
| All species studied have a prostate gland
TRUE
79
Explain the difference in species of labial commissures
all species: dorsal is rounded and ventral is pointed
HORSE: both are rounded :)
80
where is the clitoris found?
the ventral commissure of the vulva
**clitoral fossa in mares
81
equine bacterial disease from breeding
contagious equine metritis CEM
82
areas to swab in a mare for CEM
1. clitoral sinus
2. clitoral fossa
3. cervix -- if pregnant or mid cycle
(endometrium if in estrus)
83
lies ventral to the urethral orifice and makes urinary catherterization more difficult
sub-urethral diverticulum
84
the cranial most extent of the vaginal and it is ventral to the external opening of the cervix
vaginal fornix
85
uterus type with no horns
simplex -- in humans
86
uterus type with 2 cervices
duplex -- bunnies
87
uterus with 2 horns
bicornuate
88
oval elevations/ thickenings of the uterus that attaches with the fetal membrane
caruncles
```
Ewe = concave
Cow = convex
```
89
type of folds in cow cervix
circular
90
type of folds in horse cervix
longitudinal
91
what species has interdigitating mucosal prominences in the cervix
Sow
92
main uterine supply in a cow
umbilical artery to the uterine artery
93
main uterine supply in a mare
external iliac artery to the uterine artery
94
Describe what is unique about the mare ovary
the ovarian cortex and medulla are reversed and ovulation only occurs at the ovarian fossa
95
fremitus
a vibration perceptible on palpation of auscultation
96
another name for superficial inguinal lymph nodes
mammary lymph node
97
mammae blood supply in Bitch, Queen, Sow
cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arteries
98
mammae blood supply in mare and ruminants
external pudendal and cranial/caudal mammary arteries
** the cranial mammary aa are also known as the caudal superficial epigastric a
99
type of placenta in a mare and sow
diffuse
100
type of placenta with chorionic villi covering most of the surface and a completely intact epithelial layer on both the maternal and fetal side
diffuse
101
ruminants have what type of placenta
cotyledonary
102
what is the name when the fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles are together
placentome
103
type of placenta in dogs and cats
zonary
104
type of placenta in humans
discoid
105
placenta with villi that develop a band of chorion that surround the trunk of the embryo for nutrient transfer
zonary
106
protects and supports the testes
scrotum
107
castration type where you cut through the skin, tunica dartos muscle, and separate the spermatic and parietal vaginal tunics
closed
**the parietal vaginal tunic will stay intact and the vaginal cavity is not exposed to the environment
108
castration type where you cut through everything including the parietal vaginal tunic, exposing the vaginal cavity to the environment
open
109
what is the spermatic cord comprised of
ductus deferens, testicular artery and vein, and cremaster muscle
110
where does the ductus deferens open?
the colliculus seminalis
111
where does the artery of the ductus deferens originate?
Where does it originate in the bull?
normal -- internal pudendal
bull -- branch of the umbilical artery
112
penis type with a lot of erectile tissue
musculocavernosus
113
species with a musculocavernosus type penis
stallion, dog, human
114
penis type with a sigmoid flexure
fibroelastic -- less erectile tissue
115
species with fibroelastic penis
boar, bull, ram
116
muscle paired at the root of the penis near the crura
ischiocavernosis muscle
117
what is a cat penis like
SPIKY
118
small area found above the urethral process in a stallion
urethral sinus -- where the "bean" accumulation of smegma occurs
119
penis blood supply for a boar, bull, ram, or doggy
internal iliac a -- internal pudendal a -- artery of penis
120
Stallion blood supply of penis:
internal iliac a -- internal pudendal a -- artery of penis
AND
external iliac -- pudendoepigastric trunk -- external pudendal -- cranial artery of the penis
AND
internal iliac -- caudal gluteal -- cranial gluteal -- obturator a -- middle artery of the penis
121
part of male urethra that contains the colliculus seminalis
pelvic
122
external hair portion of prepuce
external lamina
123
what is the preputial ring?
in stallion penis -- additional fold of the internal lamina at the cranial border
124
places to swab a stallion for CEM
1. distal urethral process
2. fossa glandis
3. urethral sinus
4. shaft and prepuce
125
where does boar taint come from
the preputial diverticulum
smells horrible -- pheromone
126
role of accessory sex glands in general
production of seminal plasma
127
enlargements of ductus deferens
ampulla
**Stallion, ruminants
128
T/F
| ampulla and vesicular glands open into pelvic urethra
true
129
species with vesicular glands
horse, ruminants, boar
130
species with bulbourethral glands
stallion, boar, ruminants, cat
131
space between the inguinal ligaments and the pelvis
vascular lacuna
132
largest paired branch off the aorta
external iliac artery
**runs caudoventrally
**branches into deep femoral a and femoral a
133
where does the deep femoral artery come from
external iliac artery
134
what are the branches of the deep femoral artery
pudendoepigastric trunk
medial circumflex femoral artery -- goes through vascular lacuna
135
what comes off of the pudendoepigastric trunk
external pudendal artery
caudal epigastric artery
136
continuation of the deep femoral artery that goes through the vascular lacuna and arborizes in the adductor muscle
medial circumflex femoral artery
137
borders of the femoral triangle
cranial: caudal belly of the sartorius m
caudal: pectineus m
proximal: inguinal ligament
138
at the level of the stifle the femoral artery turns into...
popliteal artery
139
used for venipuncture in dogs
cranial branch of the lateral saphenous vein
140
used for venipuncture in cats
medial saphenous vein
141
formed by ventral branches of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
lumbosacral plexus
142
nerves the innervates the adductor muscles of the pelvic limb
obturator nerve
muscles:
external obturator, pectineus, gracilis, adductor
**nerve exits through the obturator foramen
143
actions provided by innervation of the femoral nerve
hip flexion and stifle extension
144
muscles innervated by the femoral nerve
iliopsoas
quadriceps
sartorius
145
where does the femoral nerve exit
the belly of the iliopsoas muscle caudally
146
branch of the femoral nerve that runs with the saphenous artery and vein (small animal)
saphenous nerve
147
supplies innervation to the flexors of the stifle and extensors of the hip
sciatic nerve
148
muscles the sciatic nerve supplies
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
149
branches of the sciatic nerve
cranial tibial and common peroneal
150
provides cutaneous innervation to the craniolateral aspect of the crus and dorsal pes
superficial peroneal nerve
151
provides somatic motor innervation to the flexors of the tarsus and the extensors of the digits
superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal
152
muscles supplied by the tibial nerve
gastrocnemius
SDF
DDF
popliteus
153
entire area innervated by a nerve
cutaneous zone
154
area innervated by only one nerve
autonomous zone
155
innervates the lateral rotators of the hip and hamstring muscles
sciatic nerve
**rotator hip muscles:
internal obturator m, gemelli m, quadratus femoris m
156
innervates the cutaneous zone of the lateral surface of the crus
lateral cutaneous sural nerve -- branch off common peroneal nerve
157
innervates the cutaneous zone of the caudal surface of the crus
caudal cutaneous sural nerve -- branch off the tibial nerve
