Anatomy 2.5 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What comprises the anterior circulation?
- common coratid artery splits into
- internal coratid artery and bifurcates into
- middle cerebral artery and
- anterior cerebral arteries
What comprises the posterior circulation?
- vertebral arteries via transverse foramen merge into
- basilary artery which split into
- posterior cerebral arteries
What is the Circle of Willis?
connects the anterior and posterior circulation of the brain via:
- posterior cerebral artery
- internal coratid artery (posterior aspect)
anterior communicating artery connects the two sides of the anterior circulation
Which artery is most likely damaged in a stroke?
middle cerebral artery
What are the main branches of the internal coratid artery?
1) anterior cerebral artery
2) middle cerebral artery
3) ophthalmic artery**
4) posterior communicating artery
5) anterior communicating artery
6) anterior choroidal artery
What is the clinical importance of the ophthalmic artery?
only artery which supplies blood to the external face
What is a saccular aneurysm?
“berry aneurysm”;
injury or clots to posterior and anterior communicating artery of the Circle of Willis
What is the Tentorial Notch?
- dural fold on the top of the cerebellum
- allows brainstem to settle into where it needs to in the brain
What are the signs of ACA stroke?
- Sensorimotor deficits in contralateral foot & leg
- Urinary incontinence
- Contralateral frontal lobe signs
What are signs of MCA stroke?
- Severe sensorimotor deficits in contralateral face & upper limb
- With dominant hemisphere involvement –> global aphasia (left side blowout; written & spoken language)
- With nondominant hemisphere –> neglect syndrome or amorphosynthesis
Which structures are surrounding vertebral-basilar artery?
- pons
- CN V-VIII
What are signs of vertebral-basilar artery occlusion?
- Ipsilateral pain & temp loss on face (V; pons) &
- contralateral loss on body (lateral spinothalamic tract)
- Homonymous hemianopia (occipital lobe)
- Ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, & hoarseness (CNIX & X)
- Vertigo (VIII)
- Nystagmus (III; medial longitudinal fasciculus)
- Ataxia & other cerebellar signs
Which arteries are specific to the Corpus striatum and internal capsule?
middle cerebral artery
Which arteries are specific to the thalamus?
posterior communicating artery
basilar artery
posterior cerebral artery
Which arteries are specific to the midbrain?
posterior cerebral artery
superior cerebellar artery
basilary artery
Which arteries are specific to the pons?
basilary artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
superior cerebellar artery
Which arteries are specific to the medulla oblongata?
vertebral artery
anterior and posterior spinal arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
basilar artery
Cerebral artery syndromes: ACA
Contralateral Hemiparesis and
hemisensory loss, mainly leg and foot
Cerebral artery syndromes: MCA
Contralateral hemiparesis and
Hemisensory loss, mainly face arm
Aphasia (dominant hemisphere)
Cerebral artery syndromes: PCA
Visual agnosia
Contralateral homonymous
Hemianopia, contralateral sensory
Loss (thalamus)
Cerebral artery syndromes: Internal Coratid
May be well compensated
Similar to middle cerebral artery
What is the vasculature of the spinal cord?
- 2 posterior spinal arteries
- 1 anterior spinal artery
What is the clinical presentation of a stroke in the anterior spinal artery?
below level of the lesion:
- total motor paralysis
- dissociated sensory loss
Where does blood finally drain out of the brain?
internal jugular vein
