Anatomy Flashcards
(113 cards)
0
Q
Immovable joints
A
Synarthroses/Fibrous
i.e. sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis
1
Q
Zones of Osteogenesis
A
Resting Zone Zone of Proliferation Zone of Hypertrophy Zone of Calcification Zone of Ossification
2
Q
Freely movable joints
A
Diarthroses/Synovial
3
Q
Slightly movable joints
A
Amphiarthroses/Cartilagenous
i.e. synchondrosis, symphysis
4
Q
Plane joints
A
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Carpals
5
Q
Hinge joints
A
Elbow
Knee
Ankle
6
Q
Pivot joints
A
Atlantoaxial
Radioulnar
7
Q
Condyloid joints
A
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle)
8
Q
Ellipsoidal joint
A
Wrist
9
Q
Saddle joint
A
Carpometacarpal of thumb
10
Q
Ball and socket joint
A
Shoulder
Hip
11
Q
Structures that pass through the quadrangular space
A
Axillary Nerve
Posterior Circumflex Humeral Vessels
12
Q
Structure that passes through the triangular space
A
Circumflex Scapular Vessels
13
Q
Main FLEXOR of the forearm
A
Brachialis
14
Q
Main SUPINATOR of the forearm
A
Biceps Brachii
15
Q
Main EXTENSOR of the forearm
A
Triceps Brachii
16
Q
Forearm:
Superficial Group
A
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
17
Q
Forearm:
Intermediate Group
A
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
18
Q
Forearm:
Deep Group
A
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
19
Q
All muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT:
A
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (medial side)
20
Q
Subsartorial Canal
A
Hunter’s Canal
Adductor Canal
21
Q
Contents of the Cubital Fossa
A
Medial to Lateral: Median Nerve Brachial Artery Biceps Brachii Tendon Radial Nerve
22
Q
All thenar muscles are innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT:
A
Adductor Pollicis (Ulnar Nerve)
23
Q
The _________ is not inside the femoral sheath.
A
Femoral Nerve
24
Contents of the Adductor Canal
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Saphenous Nerve
Nerve to Vastus Medialis
25
The Achilles Tendon is what type of tissue?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
26
Unpaired Cranial Bones
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
PAIRED: Parietal and Temporal
27
Paired Facial Bones
```
Palatine
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Nasal
Inferior Nasal Concha
Zygomatic
```
UNPAIRED: Vomer and Mandible
28
Tendinous sheet covering the calvaria, suspect damage in cases of gaping wound
Galea Aponeurotica
29
Allows free movement of the scalp proper (skin, subcutaneous tissue, aponeurosis), contains EMISSARY VEINS which are danger sites for infection
Loose Connective Tissue
30
Paralysis Agitans
Parkinson's Disease
31
Involuntary, irregular, jerking movement
Chorea (degeneration of striatal neurons, presents with dementia)
32
Large flailing movements due to damage to contralateral SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
Hemiballismus
33
Structures that maybe affected in Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
CN's III, IV, VI
CN V (Ophthalmic and Maxillary Divisions)
Internal Carotid Artery
34
Muscles of Mastication:
| Closes the jaw
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
35
Muscles of Mastication:
| Opens the jaw
Lateral Pterygoid
36
Tic Douloureux: episodes of sharp, stabbing pain that radiate over the areas innervated by sensory branches maxillary or mandibular divisions of CN V
Trigeminal Neuralgia
37
Innervation:
| Muscles of Mastication
Trigeminal Nerve
38
Innervation:
| Muscles of Facial Expression
Facial Nerve
39
Innervation:
| Muscles of Deglutition
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
40
Innervation:
| Muscles of Phonation
Vagus Nerve
41
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives
muscles of MASTICATION: PA 1
muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION: PA 2
muscles of DEGLUTITION: PA 3
muscles of PHONATION: PA 4,6
42
Lingual Papillae:
| large and flat-topped, anterior to the terminal sulcus
Vallate
43
Lingual Papillae:
| long and numerous, contains afferent nerve endings sensitive to touch
Filiform
44
Lingual Papillae:
| mushroom-shaped, most numeroud at the APEX and SIDES
Fungiform
45
Lingual Papillae:
| small lateral folds of the lingual mucosa, poorly developed
Foliate
46
Innervation:
| muscles of the TONGUE
Hypoglossal Nerve except for Palatoglossus (CN X)
47
Innervation:
| mucous membrane of the tongue
Anterior 2/3: CN V
| Posterior 1/3: CN IX
48
Innervation:
| taste buds of the tongue
Anterior 2/3: CN VII
| Posterior 1/3: CN IX
49
Where does the spinal cord end at birth, at 6 months old and in adults?
L3, S1, L1 respectively
50
Triangle of Auscultation
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
Medial Border of Scapula
51
Lumbar Triangle of Petit
External Oblique
Latissimus Dorsi
Iliac Crest
52
Vertebral Level:
Hyoid Bone
Bifurcation of Common Carotid Artery
C3-C4
53
Vertebral Level:
Thyroid Cartilage
Carotid Pulse
C5
54
Vertebral Level:
Cricoid Cartilage
Start of Trachea and Esophagus
C6
55
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone?
Hyoid
56
Contents of the Carotid Sheath
Common and Internal Carotid Arteries
Internal Jugular Vein
Vagus Nerve
57
Contents of the Carotid Triangle
Internal Carotid Artery
External Carotid Artery
Internal Jugular Vein
58
Contents of the Muscular Triangle
```
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Larynx
```
59
A deep gash in the posterior triangle of the neck can cut the
External Jugular Vein and Subclavian Artery
| These two vessels cross the supraclavicular/suboccipital triangle of neck.
60
The Accessory Nerve crosses what triangle of the neck?
Occipital Triangle
61
The first endocrine gland to develop (24 days after fertilization)
Thyroid Gland
62
Forms the laryngeal prominence of the neck
Thyroid Cartilage
63
All intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by the inferior laryngeal nerve except
Cricothyroid (innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)
64
The only muscle that ABDUCTS the vocal folds
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
65
ADDUCT the vocal folds
Lateral Cricoarytenoid and Arytenoideus Muscles
66
Relaxes the vocal folds
Thyroarytenoid Muscles
67
Stretches and tenses the vocal folds
Crycoarytenoid
68
Close the laryngeal aditus (sphincter function)
Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles
69
Innervates the Thyrohyoid Membrane, sensory above vocal cord area
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
70
Motor to muscles of phonation except cricothyroid, sensory below vocal cord area
Inferior/Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
71
Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
```
Lesser Occipital (C2)
Greater Auricular (C2 and C3)
Transverse Cutaneous (C2 and C3)
Supraclavicular (C3 and C4)
```
72
Formed by fibers from the union of hypoglossal, C1, C2 and C3 nerves
Ansa Cervicalis (innervates the infrahyoid muscles)
73
Zones of penetrating neck trauma:
Inferior border of the CRICOID cartilage
Zone I
Note: injuries to Zones I and III obstruct the airway and may have greater risk for morbidity and mortality
74
Zones of penetrating neck trauma:
Above the level of the ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE
Zone III
75
Zones of penetrating neck trauma:
Extends from the cricoid cartilage to the level of the angle of the mandible
Zone II
Note: injury to this zone is most common but morbidity and mortality are lower because vascular damage may be controlled by direct pressure and structures involved are easily visualized
76
Most commonly fractured ribs
Ribs 7-10
Note: lower rib fractures can potentially injure the diaphragm and cause hernia
77
Weakest point of the rib
Anterior to the ANGLE
78
Atypical ribs
Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12
79
Atypical Cervical Vertebrae
C1, C2, C7
80
A syndrome involving compression of the neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Structures involved:
Brachial Plexus
Subclavian Artery and Vein
81
What is the last tissue layer that the needle must traverse in order to reach the accumulating blood in pericardiocentesis?
Parietal Pericardium
skin - fascia - rectus sheath - rectus abdominis - fibrous layer - serous layer (parietal pericardium)
83
Muscles that depress the ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Internal Intercostals
Transversus Thoracis
Mnemonic: "SIT"
84
Supplies the left atrium and ventricle
Circumflex Branch of the Left Coronary Artery
85
Supplies the interventricular septum and apex
Anterior Interventricular Branch of the Left Coronary Artery
| LAD
86
Supplies the right ventricle
Anterior Interventricular Artery and Marginal Branch of Right Coronary
87
Supplies the right atrium
Right Coronary Artery
88
Eparterial Bronchus
Right Superior Bronchus
89
A foreign body is more likely to lodge in the RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS because
It is SHORTER, WIDER and MORE VERTICAL
90
Common locations of aspirated foreign body
Posterior Basal BPS: standing or sitting
Superior BPS: supine
Posterior BPS: lying on the right
Inferior Lingular BPS: lying on the left
91
In doing thoracentesis, to avoid injury to intercostal nerve and vessels, the needle should be inserted
ABOVE the rib,
passing through the following structures:
skin - superficial fascia - external intercostal - inner intercostal - innermost intercostal - parietal pleura
92
The superior vena cava drains into the right atrium at the level of
3rd right chondrosternal junction
93
Level I LN
Mnemonic: "LAP"
Lateral/Humeral
Anterior/Pectoral
Posterior/Subscapular
94
Level II LN
Central
| Interpectoral (Rotter's Nodes)
95
Level III LN
Apical
96
Most common site of axillary LN metastasis
Lateral/Humeral Nodes
97
Inguinal Falx or Conjoint Tendon
Aponeurotic fibers of Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis
98
Tenses the Linea Alba
Pyramidalis (not always present)
99
Inguinal Triangle
Superior and lateral: Inferior Epigastric Artery
Inferior and lateral: Inguinal Ligament
Medial: Rectus Abdominis
100
Inguinal Canal
Anterior: EO Aponeurosis
Posterior: Transversalis Fascia and Conjoint Tendon
Superior: IO and TA
Inferior: Inguinal Ligament
101
Contents of the Inguinal Canal
Males: spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
Females: round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve
102
Cremater Muscle is derived from
Internal Oblique
103
Average distance between external orifice of the nose and stomach
17.2 inches or 44 cm
Note: this is important in Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon insertion
24 inches: up to duodenum
104
Stomach Bed
```
Left dome of the diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney and suprarenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon and colon
```
105
The head of the pancreas drains to the
SMA
Note: the rest drains to the splenic vein
106
Accounts for most cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction
Cancer of the head of pancreas
107
The ligamentum teres (round ligament) and ligamentum venosum are remnants of
Umbilical vein and ductus venosus respectively
108
Clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament (which contains the hepatic artery and portal vein) to reduce hemorrhage during liver surgery
Pringle's Maneuver
109
Usual site for liver biopsy
Right 10th ICS MAL
110
Triangle of Calot
superior: Liver
inferior: Cystic Duct
medial: Common Hepatic Duct
111
In renal transplantation, which vessels are anastomosed?
Renal artery to the Internal Iliac artery
Renal vein to the External Iliac vein
112
The Internal Carotid Artery is a derivative of
Distal part if the 3rd Aortic Arch
Note: proximal part forms the common carotid artery
113
Serves as a landmark in doing pudendal block anesthesia
Ischial Spine
