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Edge's Deck > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

(74 cards)

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0
Q

Consequence of shear?

A

Decreased blood viscosity

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1
Q

Vfib that occurs after blunt trauma to the heart immediately before the peak of T wave?

A

Commotio Cordia

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2
Q

Hormone that counteracts the effects of aldosterone and ADH?

A

ANP

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3
Q

What causes Phase 2 in cardiac action potential?

A

Calcium influx

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4
Q

What causes depolarization in SA node action potential?

A

Calcium influx

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5
Q

Which sodium channel accounts for SA node automaticity?

A

Slow “funny” Na channels

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6
Q

Fastest conduction velocity?

A

Bundle of His

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7
Q

Slowest conduction velocity?

A

AV node

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8
Q

Conduction velocity is dependent on: duration of AP or size of inward current during the upstroke of action potential?

A

Size of inward current

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9
Q

Best explains local control of blood flow: myogenic or metabolic hypothesis?

A

Metabolic hypothesis

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10
Q

Counteracts TXA2?

A

PGI2 (prostacyclin)

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11
Q

Initiates EXTRINSIC pathway?

A

Tissue Factor (Factor III)

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12
Q

Initiates INTRINSIC pathway?

A

Hagemann Factor (Factor XII)

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13
Q

Lifespan of GRANULOCYTES?

A

4-8 hours in BLOOD

4-5 days in TISSUES

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14
Q

Lifespan of MONOCYTES?

A

10-20 hours in BLOOD

Months in TISSUES

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15
Q

Lifespan of LYMPHOCYTES?

A

Weeks to Months

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16
Q

Contraction of muscularis mucosa, located in between the submucosa and inner circular layer?

A

Meissner’s Plexus

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17
Q

Contraction of the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers, located in between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers?

A

Auerbach’s Plexus

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18
Q

Gastrin

A

Secreted by G CELLS of the antrum, stimulates PARIETAL CELLS in the fundus

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19
Q

CCK

A

Secreted by I CELLS in the duodenum, for GB contraction and prolongation of gastric emptying time

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20
Q

Secretin

A

Secreted by S CELLS in the duodenum, inhibits HCl secretion, increases biliary HCO3

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21
Q

Gastric acts on what receptor?

A

CCKb Receptor

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22
Q

Primary bile acids

A

Cholic
Chenodeoxycholic
(Start with C!)

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23
Q

Taurine and Glycine

A

Bile Salts

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24
Activates Pepsinogen to Pepsin?
Stomach Acid
25
Optimum pH for Pepsin?
3.0
26
Activates Trypsinogen to Trypsin?
Enterokinase
27
Optimum pH for Pancreatic Lipase?
6.0
28
Type of FA that bypasses the lacteals?
Short-chain and Medium-chain FA (utilize portal vein)
29
Stimulates gastric acid secretion?
Gastrin, Histamine, Acetylcholine
30
Triglycerides are absorbed from the intestinal lumen to intestinal cells as
Micelles
31
Triglycerides are absorbed from the intestinal cells to lymph vessels (lacteals) as
Chylomicrons
32
Pacemaker cells of the GI tract
Interstitial Cells of Cajal
33
Digestion of CARBOHYDRATES starts at the
Mouth (via salivary amylase or ptyalin)
34
Digestion of FATS and PROTEINS start at
Stomach (via lingual lipase and pepsin)
35
Absorbed mainly in the DUODENUM?
Iron, Vitamin C
36
Absorbed mainly in the JEJUNUM?
Macronutrients and Water
37
Absorbed mainly in the ILEUM?
Vitamin B12, IF, Bile Salts, Vitamin ADEK
38
Stores Vitamin A in the liver?
Ito Cells
39
Location of chemoreceptor trigger zone?
Area Postrema
40
Secreted by K CELLS in the duodenum, stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying?
GIP
41
Secreted by M CELLS, activates interdigestove myoelectric complex?
Motilin (acts on the stomach and SI, secreted durimg fasting and in between meals)
42
Secondary bile acids?
Deoxycholic and Lithocholic Acid
43
Hormone Interaction: Epinephrine and NE on the heart FSH and Testosterone on spermatogenesis
Synergistic Effects
44
Hormone Interaction: | Cortisol's effects on Epi and NE with regard to blood vessels
Permissive Effects
45
Hormone Interaction: | Prolactin and Estrogen
Antagonistic Effects | Estrogen blocks Prolactin effects
46
21-Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
``` Decreased Aldosterone Decreased Cortisol Increased Androgens HYPOTENSION Substrate: 17-hydroxyprogesterone ```
47
11-Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Decreased Aldosterone Decreased Cortisol Increased Androgens HYPERTENSION due to 11-deoxycorticosterone
48
17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
``` Increased Aldosterone Decreased Cortisol Decreased Androgens HYPERTENSION Substrate: Pregnenolone ```
49
Blood glucose level causing HALLUCINATIONS, extreme nervousness, trembles all over, breaks out in a sweat?
50-70 mg/dL
50
Blood glucose level causing SEIZURES, LOC, COMA?
20-50 mg/dL
51
Hormone suspected to initiate puberty?
Melatonin
52
First event in puberty?
Males: testicular enlargement Females: breast enlargement
53
Path of Semen
``` SEVEN UP: Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory ducts Nothing Urethra Penis ```
54
Most powerful: estrone, estradiol, estriol?
Estradiol
55
Genital Tubercle
Male: glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum Female: clitoris, vestibular bulbs
56
Urogenital Sinus
Male: bulbourethral glands, prostate gland Female: Bartholin's gland, Skene's glands SINUSES BECOME GLANDS!
57
Urogenital Folds
Male: ventral shaft of penis, penile urethra Female: labia minora
58
Labioscrotal Swelling
Male: scrotum Female: labia majora
59
Sperm formation, motility, storage respectively
Seminiferous Tubules Epididymis Vas Deference
60
Composition of semen
60% seminal vesicle fluid (fructose, prostaglandin, semenogelin, fibrinogen) 30% prostatic fluid, mucus from bulbourethral glands 10% vas deferens fluid and sperm
61
Sex, thirst, appetite, body clock, temperature
Hypothalamus
62
Coughing, vomiting, swallowing, respiratory and vasomotor center
Medulla
63
Micturition center
Pons
64
Apneustic, pneumotaxic center
Pons
65
Each contraction occurring after complete relaxation up to a plateau; due to Ca accumulation, increase in temperature, pH changes; e.g. warm-up exercise
Treppe or Staircase Effect
66
Complete fusion of individual muscle contraction; no further increase in muscle contraction with increase in frequency of stimuli
Tetany
67
Flailing movements of the extremities; damaged SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS OF LUYS
Hemiballismus
68
Snake-like, writhing movements; damaged GLOBUS PALLIDUS
Athetosis
69
Dance-like, brief irregular non-purposeful movements; damaged CORPUS STRIATUM
Chorea
70
What are the 3 urinary buffers?
NaHCO3 NaHPO4 NH4
71
Trio of electrolytes
H Ca K
72
What hormones will increase GFR?
EDFR, PGE2, PGI2, ANP, BNP, Bradykinin, Glucocorticoids
73
What hormones will increase Renal Blood Flow?
Histamine, Dopamine, ANP, BNP

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