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GI Exam 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Internal thoracic vessels

A

superior epigastric vessels branch from the internal thoracic

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2
Q

Transumbilical plane

A

vessels blow drain to the femoral vein

vessels above drain upward

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3
Q

Intercostal nerves travel in between which 2 layers?

A

Internal and Inner most intercostal muscles

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4
Q

Nerves of abdominal wall

A

Travel between internal obliques and transverse abdominis

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5
Q

Nerve distribution landmarks

A

T7 –> just below sternum
T10 –> umbilicus
L1 –> ilioinguinal nerve

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6
Q

Fatty Layer (Camper’s)

A

superficial adipose tissue

- fluid from perineum can fill this potential space and move into lower abdomen but will not enter thigh

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7
Q

Membranous Layer (Scarpa’s)

A

has an extra layer of tissue

attaches to deep fascia of thigh (fascia lata) –> cannot pass

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8
Q

Anterolateral abdominal wall layers

A 
External oblique (hands in pocket)
Internal oblique (arms crossed on chest) --> forms part of the conjoint tendon
transverse abdominis (transverse) --> forms part of conjoint tendon
- 1 midline vertical muscle --> rectus abdominis (6 pack) --> has tendinous intersections
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9
Q

Linea alba

A

where aponeuroses of 3 flat muscles intersect

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10
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

formed by lower border of aponeuroses of external oblique (folds under)
From ASIS –> pubic tubercle

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11
Q

External iliac vessels

A

inferior epigastric vessels branch from external iliac

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12
Q

Arcuate Line

A

landmark –> crescent shaped border of posterior layer of Rectus sheath
Located superior & anterior –> IO, EO, Rectus abdominis
Located inferior & anterior –> IO, EO, Scarpa’s fascia, and aponeuroses

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13
Q

Spigelian hernia

A

hernia of semilunar line –> common in obese individuals

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14
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

common in newborns

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15
Q

Epigastric hernia

A

through linea alba in epigastric region

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16
Q

Inguinal Triangle

A

Borders

  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. inferior epigastric vessels
  3. lateral border of rectus abdominis
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17
Q

Muscles in abdomen that correlate to layers around testicle

A

External Spermatic Fascia –> external oblique
Cremaster muscle –> internal oblique
Internal Spermatic Fascia –> fascia transversalis

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18
Q

Fascia transversalis

A

lines entire abdominal cavity and is separated from peritoneum by fat-filled extraperitoneal tissue

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19
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

congential
bowel herniates lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
follows route taken by testes

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20
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

not congenital

bowel herniates medial to inferior epigastric vessels

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21
Q

Varicocele

A

made up of veins with inadequate valves
decreased fertility, increased risk of cancer
R –> directly into IVC
L –> L renal vein –> IVC (99% of the time)

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22
Q

Umbilical Folds

A

Lateral –> covers inferior epigastric vessels
Medial –> obliterated umbilical artery
Median –> urachus

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23
Q

Hydrocele

A

excess fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis and may be associated with an indirect inguinal hernia

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24
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

lines the peritoneal cavity –> continuous with visceral

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25
Visceral peritoneum
covers the peritoneal organs --> continuous with parietal
26
mesentary peritoneum
covers intestines
27
omentum peritoneum
folds of peritoneum connecting the stomach to another organ Lesser omentum --> 2 layers connecting stomach to liver Great omentum --> 2 layers connecting stomach to colon --> becomes 4-layered structure after fusion
28
Mesentary
2 layers of perioteum that suspend an organ
29
Omental bursa
also called lesser peritoneal sac --> becomes located behind stomach after the greater omentum layers fuse - formed by rotation of stomach and dorsal mesentary creating space
30
Gastrophrenic ligament
part of greater omentum --> connects stomach to diaphragm
31
Gastrosplenic ligament
part of greater omentum --> connects stomach to spleen
32
Heptoduodenal ligament
part of lesser omentum --> connects duodenum to liver (contains portal triad) - common bile duct - hepatic artery proper - portal vein
33
Omental foramen
connects greater and lesser sacs
34
Dorsal mesentary
continuous from pharynx to the anus
35
Ventral mesentary
stops above the umbilicus
36
Foregut
supplied by the celiac artery
37
Midgut
supplied by superior mesenteric artery
38
Hindgut
supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
39
Intraperitoneal
abdominal organ that grows into the peritoneal cavity --> completely covered by visceral peritoneum
40
Retroperitoneal
organs outside peritoneal cavity --> only peritoneum on anterior surfaces
41
Stomach and parts
Cardia --> where esophagus attaches Fundus --> large bulge on superior surface Body --> large portion of stomach Greater Curvature --> large curve (greater omentum) Lesser Curvature --> small curve (lesser omentum) Pylorus --> Antrum, Canal, Sphincter
42
Order of small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
43
Duodenum
partly retroperitoneal --> becomes peritoneal again at paraduodenal fossa - possible place for herniation
44
Colon
Cecum --> ascending colon --> transverse colon --> descending colon --> sigmoid colon --> rectum *Ascending & descending colon are retroperitoneal
45
Right infracolic space
Closed space where fluid cannot exit
46
Lesser omentum
hepatoduodenal ligament | hepatogastric ligament
47
Spleen
not part of GI tract but develops in dorsal mesentary and is supplied by celiac trunk
48
Abdominal aorta
begins at aortic hiatus at T12 --> divides into common iliac arteries at L4
49
Celiac Trunk
``` T12, supplies foregut Branches 1. Common hepatic 2. L Gastric 3. Splenic ```
50
Common hepatic artery
branch off Celiac trunk - supplies liver (hepatic artery proper) - has R gastric branch that anastomosis' with L gastric - gastroduodenal artery
51
L Gastric artery
branch off celiac trunk - anastamoses' with R gastric artery on lesser curvature - esophageal branches anastamose with thoracic branches
52
Splenic artery
branch off celiac trunk - very coiled --> supplies spleen - has branch of L gastro-omental artery --> anastomoses with R gastro-omental on greater curvature
53
Pancreatiduodenal artery
Branch off the hepatic artery --> anastamoses' with inferior pancreatiduodenal artery (branch of SMA)
54
Ampulla
proximal most portion of duodenum --> directly after pyloric sphincter - SMOOTH LINING --> ulcer can eat through posterior wall into gastroduodenal artery
55
Superior Mesenteric Artery
``` L1, midgut Branches 1. Jenjunal & Ileal 2. Appendicular 3. Ileocolic 4. R colic 5. Middle colic ```
56
Jejunal and Ileal branches
supply their respective portions of small intestine | - no distinct demarcation between them but jejunal has longer vasa recta and ileal has shorter vasa recta
57
Middle Colic artery
most proximal artery
58
R Colic artery
2nd after middle colic
59
Ileocolic
distal after R colic --> appendicular artery branches off of this to supply appendix
60
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
``` L3, hindgut Branches 1. L colic 2. Sigmoidal 3. Superior rectal ```
61
Left colic artery
most proximal branch of IMA
62
Sigmoidal artery
2nd branch of IMA --> supplies sigmoid colon
63
Superior rectal arteries
distal branch of IMA --> supplies rectum
64
Marginal artery of Drummond
Very large anastamoses from middle colic to sigmoidal artery
65
Areas of colon susceptible to ischemia
Right colon --> poorly developed marginal artery Splenic flexure --> marginal artery absent sometimes Rectosigmoid junction --> last collateral connection with proximal arteries
66
Ileocecal valve/orifice
Opening of ileum into cecum
67
Portal system
arrangement of vasculature whereby blood must pass through 2 capillaries before returning to heart (liver)
68
Hepatic portal vein
collects blood from GI tract and delivers to liver for metabolism of nutrients
69
Portal HTN
- obstruction of portal vein --> engorgment of anastomotic sites --> varicosity
70
Duodenum
C-shaped around head of pancreas - Ampulla, descending, horizontal, ascending - secondarily retroperitoneal
71
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
enters into major duodenal papilla --> opening of common bile duct into duodenum secretions controlled by sphincter of oddi
72
Cystic artery
branch of R hepatic artery which is branch of hepatic artery proper --> avoid cutting during cholecystectomy
73
Cystohepatic Triangle
Liver tissue Cystic Duct Common Hepatic Duct
74
Common bile duct
formed by cystic duct and common hepatic duct | - common hepatic duct formed by L and R hepatic ducts
75
Gall bladder
has fundus, body, and neck | - also has spiral folds that act as valves in cystic duct
76
Biliary Colic
intense spasmodic pain felt in epigastric region on RUQ
77
Cholecystectomy
gall bladder removal
78
Ligamentum teres
remnant of umbilical vein
79
Caudate and Quadrate lobes
anatomically R liver | functionally L liver
80
Adrenal Glands
3 Blood supplies 1. Superior --> from inferior phrenic arteries 2. Middle --> from aorta 3. Inferior --> from renal arteries Cortex --> exocrine function derived from mesoderm Medulla --> secretes adrenaline and is derived from neural crest cells - presynaptic fibers from spinal cord synapse directly on cells in medulla (preganglionic fibers)
81
Drainage from adrenal glands
R adrenal gland drains directly into IVC | L adrenal gland drains into L renal vein --> then into IVC
82
Course of the ureter
Travels under the gonadal vessels and over top of the iliac vessels and then under the uterine vessels
83
Inferior Phrenic arteries
branches of the aorta that travel superiorly to supply adrenal glands and the diaphragm
84
Arcuate ligaments
Median --> where aorta comes through Medial --> psoas muscle travels under (L2) Lateral --> quadratus lumborum travels under (right by 12th rib)
85
Lumbocostal triangle
formed by the pleuroperitoneal membrane --> if fails to form patient gets congenital diaphragmatic hernia
86
Nerve plexuses
``` Celiac ganglion and plexus Superior mesenteric ganglion and plexus Intermesenteric plexus --> No ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion and plexus Superior hypogastric plexus ```
87
Cisterna chyli
terminis of thoracic duct
88
Lumbar plexus
L1-L3 and half of L4
89
Subcostal nerve
T12
90
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal
L1
91
Lateral femoral cutaneous
L2 and L3
92
Femoral nerve
L2 - L4
93
Obturator Nerve
L2 - L4

GI Exam 1 (7 decks)

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