Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK > Anatomy 33 > Flashcards

Anatomy 33 Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does the expanded proximal end of the tibia articulate with?

A

The femur to form the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?

A

The talus and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the proximal part of the tibia form?

A

Forms medial and lateral tibial condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the superior surface of the condyles called?

A

Medial and lateral tibial plateaus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the medial and lateral tibial plateaus articulate with?

A

Femoral condyles to form the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What lies between the tibial plateaus?

A

Intercondylar tubercles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the tibial tuberosity project from?

A

The upper anterior surface of the tibia and is palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What lies in the tibial tuberosity?

A

Patellar ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the soleal line?

A

An oblique ridge of bone on the posterior surface of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the medial malleolus project?

A

Medially from the distal end of the bone and forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the proximal part of the fibula form?

A

Forms the head, which is palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure lies close to the neck of the fibula?

A

Common peroneal (fibula) nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the lateral malleolus project?

A

From the distal end of the bone and forms part of the ‘socket’ for the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the human foot adapted for?

A

Bipedal gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the small joints of the foot allow?

A

Allow the foot to deform and absorb shock when walking over uneven ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot formed by?

A

Arrangement of the bones of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot?

A

Allows shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot supported by?

A

Ligaments and tendons in the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the tarsal bones comprise of?

A

Talus
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Navicular
Cuboid
3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate and lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

Tibia and fibula at the ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bones are referred to as the hindfoot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bones comprise of the midfoot?

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What bones comprise of the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals
Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

From which side are the metatarsals numbered 1-5?

A

Medial (big toe) side to the lateral (little toe) side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How many phalanges in toes 2-5?
3
26
How many phalanges in the big toe?
2
27
What are the 3 phalanges named?
Proximal, middle and distal
28
What are the 2 phalanges named?
Proximal and distal
29
Where do the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) lie?
Lie between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges
30
Where do the Interphalangeal joints (IPJ) lie?
Lie between the phalanges
31
What joint lies between the 2 phalanges of the big toe?
nterphalangeal joint of the big toe (IPJ)
32
What joint lies between the 2 phalanges of the big toe?
Interphalangeal joint of the big toe (IPJ)
33
What joints are found between the 3 phalanges of toes 2-5?
● the proximal interphalangeal joint lies between the proximal and middle phalanx (PIPJ) ● the distal interphalangeal joint lies between the middle and distal phalanx (DIPJ)
34
What movements can the foot execute?
● Dorsiflexion (extension) - at the ankle joint ● Plantarflexion - at the ankle joint ● Inversion - at the subtalar joint. Inversion brings the sole of the foot medially. ● Eversion - at the subtalar joint. Eversion brings the lateral border and sole of the foot laterally
35
What is the subtalar joint formed by?
Articulation of the talus with the calcaneum and navicular
36
What movements can the toes execute?
● Flexion ● Extension ● Abduction (moving the toes apart) ● Adduction (bringing the toes together)
37
What separates the leg into anterior, lateral and posterior compartments?
Intermuscular septa that extends from the deep fascia
38
What 3 muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
● Tibialis anterior ● Extensor hallucis longus (EHL) ● Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
39
Where do the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg arise from?
Tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
40
What do the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg primarily act as?
Dorsiflexors (extensors) of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toes
41
What are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by?
Deep peroneal nerve
42
What does the tibialis anterior insert onto?
Crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle and inserts onto the medial cuneiform
43
What movements does the tibialis anterior execute?
Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
44
What does the extensor hallucis longus insert onto?
Its tendon crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle and inserts onto the distal phalanx of the big toe
45
What movements does the extensor hallucis longus execute?
Extends the big toe Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle
46
How many tendons does the extensor digitorum longus give rise to?
4
47
What do the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus insert onto?
Cross the anterior aspect of the ankle and insert onto the distal phalanges of toes 2-5
48
What movements does the extensor digitorum longus execute?
Extends the digits Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint
49
What does the extensor retinacula overlie?
The extensor tendons at the ankle joint
50
What do the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg attach to?
Fibula
51
What movement do the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg execute?
Evert the foot at the subtalar joint
52
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg innervated by?
Superficial peroneal nerve
53
What muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg?
● Peroneus longus (fibularis longus) ● Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
54
Which muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg is more superficial?
Peroneus longus
55
What does the peroneus longus insert onto?
Plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone
56
What does the peroneus brevis insert onto?
The base of the 5th metatarsal
57
Where do the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis travel?
Posterior the lateral malleolus to their insertions in the foot
58
What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries in the popliteal fossa
59
What path does the anterior tibial artery take?
Pierces the interosseous membrane to enter the anterior compartment of the leg, which it supplies. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and enters the dorsum of the foot. Here, the artery is called the dorsalis pedis artery, and is palpable in the foot lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus.
60
Where does the anterior tibial artery become the dorsalis pedis artery?
Dorsum of the foot
61
What does the dorsalis pedis artery give rise to?
Branches that travel between the metatarsals and anastomose with arteries in the plantar aspect of the foot
62
What is the lateral compartment of the leg supplied by?
Fibular artery
63
What is the fibular artery a branch of?
Posterior tibial artery
64
What are the 2 major superficial veins in the leg which drain the foot?
Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein
65
Where does the great saphenous vein travel?
Anterior to the medial malleolus and courses all the way up the medial aspect of the lower limb to its termination at the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
66
Where does the small saphenous vein travel?
Travels posterior to the lateral malleolus and courses up the posterior aspect of the leg to its termination at the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
67
What does the common peroneal nerve divide into?
Superficial and deep peroneal nerves
68
What does the superficial peroneal nerve innervate?
Muscles of the lateral leg
69
What does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?
Muscles of the anterior leg
70
What do both branches of the common peroneal nerve innervate?
Regions of skin of the leg
71
What small muscle is found in the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis
72
Where does the extensor digitorum brevis lie?
Laterally
73
What does the extensor digitorum brevis give rise to?
4 slender tendons that insert into toes 2–5
74
What is the extensor digitorum brevis innervated by?
Deep peroneal nerve
75
Describe what may happen during a tibial fracture
High energy forces are required to fracture a healthy tibia. When the tibia fractures, the broken ends of the bone may break through the skin because there is little subcutaneous tissue between the anterior surface of the tibia and skin. Open fractures must be managed carefully to prevent infection from entering the exposed bone
76
What is bone infection called?
Osteomyelitis
77
Describe what may happen in common peroneal nerve injury
The common peroneal nerve lies relatively superficially as it wraps around the neck of the fibula. Fractures of the fibular neck, caused by a lateral blow to the leg, can injure the nerve. This leads to weakness of the anterior and lateral leg muscles. The foot cannot be dorsiflexed and the toes will drag on the ground when walking. This condition is called foot drop. Patients compensate either by lifting the leg (by flexing the hip and knee to a greater degree) or by swinging the affected leg out – both allow the toes to clear the ground
78
Where is the pulsation of the dorsalis pedis artery usually easily palpable?
Over the dorsum of the foot, just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus, between the first and second metatarsal
79
Where is the pulse of the posterior tibial artery palpable?
Posterior to the medial malleolus. Because it travels behind the medial malleolus with other structures, it can be tricky to palpate.

MSK (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions