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Gastrointestinal - step > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

please define retroperitoneal structure

A

gi structures and non gi structures that do not have a mesentery ie not in the peritoneum

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2
Q

list the retroperitoneal structures

A 
upper esophagus
duodenum (2-4th)
all but tail of pancreas
kidneys
adrenals
ascending and descending colon
aorta
IVC
ureters
rectum - partially
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3
Q

SAD PUCKER

A 
retroperitoneal sturcutres
S - suprarenals
A - aorta and IVC
D - duodenum (2-4th)
P - all except tail
U - ureters
C - ascending and descending colong
K - kidneys
E - upper esophagus
R - rectum (partially(
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4
Q

what happens when a retroperitoneal structure gets damaged

A

will see bleeding or gas accumulation in the retroperitoneal space

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5
Q

falciform ligament connects what to what?

A

anterior liver to anterio abdominal wall

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6
Q

hepatoduodenal connets what to what?

A

liver to duodenum

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7
Q

gastrohepatic ligament connects what to what?

A

liver to lesser curvature of stomach

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8
Q

gastrocolic ligament connects what to what?

A

greater curvature to transverse colon

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9
Q

gastrosplenic ligament connects what to what?

A

greater curvature to spleen

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10
Q

what two ligaments come off the greater curvature of the stomach

A

gastrocolic

gastrosplenic

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11
Q

what does the splenorenal ligmanet connet?

A

spleen to posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

what structures are in the falciform ligament

A

ligamentum teres hepatics - fetal umbilical vein

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13
Q

what is the ligamentum teres hepatis

A

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

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14
Q

what structures are in the hepatoduodenal ligmanet?

A

portal triad: portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

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15
Q

what structures are in the gasrohepatic ligament

A

gastric arteries

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16
Q

what structures are in the gastrocolic ligament

A

gastroepiploic arteries

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17
Q

define: epiploic

A

pertaining to the omentum

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18
Q

what structures are in the gastrosplenic ligament

A

short gastrics, left gastroepiploic vessels

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19
Q

what structures are in the splenorenal ligament

A

splenic artery and vein and tail of pancreas

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20
Q

what is the falciform ligament a derivative of

A

ventral mesentery

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21
Q

what is the pringle maneuver

A

the hepatoduodenal ligament may be compressed between thumb and indx finger by placing in the omental foramen to control bleeding

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22
Q

what is the omental foramen

A

the falciform ligament -

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23
Q

who cares about the omental foramen

A

separates the greater and lesser sacs and may be used in the pringle maneuver to comples the portal triad in bleeding

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24
Q

what separates the greater and lesser sac on the right

A

gastroheparic ligament

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25
what can be cut in surgery in order to access the lesser sav
the gastrohepatic ligament
26
what is part of the greater omentum
the gastrocolic ligament
27
what esprates the greater and lesser sac on the left
the gastrosplenic ligament
28
please list the borders of the greater and lesse sac
the omental foramen/hepatoduodenal ligament gastrosplenic on left gastrohepatic on right
29
see histology section for abdominal aorta branches
oopsee
30
what are the branches of the celiac artery;
left gastric splenic common hepatic
31
what vesels supply the stomach
left gastric - right gastric - proper hepatic splenic - short gastrics ( in gastrosplenic ligament) and left gastroepiploic common hepatic - gastroduodenal - right gastroepiploid - left gastroepiplice - splenic
32
describe how the common hepatic branches
celiac trunk - common hepatic - a) proper hepatic b) anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal c) gastroduodenal --> two brances a) posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and b) right gastroepiploic (in the gastrocolic ligament)
33
where is the weakest anastomoses in the stomachs blood supplt
short gastrics ffrom splenic arteries @ fundus
34
where are the stong anastomese in the stomachs blood supply
left and right gastrics | right and left gastroepiploics
35
list vessels involved in esophageal varices
portal: left gastric systemic: esophageal
36
list vessels involed in caput medusa
portal: paraumbilical systemic: epigastric veins of anterior abdominal wall
37
list vessels involved in anal varices
portal: superior rectal systemic: inferior and middle rectal
38
who cares about portal/systemic anastomoses
portal hypertension -- esophageal varices (left gastric and esophageal veins), caput medusa (paraumbilical and epigastrics), anal varices/not internal hemorrhoids (superior rectal with inferior and middle rectal veins)
39
how do you treat portal hypertension
transjuular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt TIPS between the portal vein and hepatic vein -- relives portal hypertension bu shunting blood to the systemic circulation by passing the lvier
40
what forms the pectinate line
where hindgut and ectoderm meet
41
derivs aove pectinate line = ?
hindgut
42
derivs below pectinate line =?
ectoderm
43
innervation above vrs below pectinate line
above - visceral - not painful | below - somatic - painful
44
what diseases are associated with location ABOVE pectinate line
internal hemorrhoids - not painful | adenocarcinoma
45
what diseases are associated with locale BELOW the pectinate line?
external hemorrhoids - painful squamous cell carcinoma anal fissures
46
describe arterial supply above and below pectinate line
above: inferior mesenteric --> superior rectal artery below: internal iliac -- internal pudenal -- inferior rectal artery
47
describe venous supply above and below pectinate line
above: superior rectal vein -- inferior mesenteric vein -- portal system below: inferior rectal vein -- internal pudendal vein -- internal iliac vein -- common iliac vein -- IVC
48
list innevation permitting pain for external hemmorhoids
inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve; pain if thrombosed
49
list lymphatic drainage for above and below pectinate line
above: internal iliac lymph nodes below: superficial inguinal lymph nodes
50
describe an anal fissure
below pectinate line, ectoderm tear in the anal mucosa below the pectinate line. pain while pooping, blood on the toilet paper, located posteriorly since this area is poorly perfused Ps!
51
what part of the hepatocyte is apical side
near bile
52
what part of hepatocyte is basal side
faces sinusoids
53
where is zone one?
periportal zone
54
where is zone tow?
inbtween portal and central vein
55
where is zone three?
pericentral vein/centrilobular
56
where does yellow fever strike?
zone two - intermediate
57
where do Hep viruses strike?
zone 1; periportal - close to blood supply
58
where do ingested toxins strike? like cocaine
zone 1; periporal - close to blood supply
59
where does OH hepatitis occur?
zone 3; pericentral vein/centrilobular; near P450 system
60
where does metabolic injury occur in liver?
zone 3; pericentral vein/centrilobular; near P450 system
61
what portion of liver is first affected by iscahemia
zone 3: pericentral vein/centrilobular; near P450 system
62
list the ducts that come together by the time the common bile duct reaches the duodenum
left and right hepatic ducts cystic duct main pancreatic duct (from ventral bud) @ ampulla of vader
63
what happens when gallstones reach confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ucts
at the ampullan of vater - blocks giving a DOUBLE DUCT SIGN ie cholangitis and pancreatitis
64
what is a double duct sign
gall stone at the ampulla of vater blocking the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct -- cholangitis and pancreatitis
65
painless jaundice
tumor in the head of the pancrease causing obstruction fo common bile duct alone
66
list the structures found in the femoral triangle
LATERAL - NAVEL - MEDIAL | lateral - nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymph - medial
67
borders of the femoral triangle please
inguinal ligament - superiorly sartorisu - laterally adductor longus - medially
68
what is in the femoral triangle
femoral nav | lateral: nerve, artery vein: medial
69
what is the femoral sheath
fascial tube 3-4 cm below the infuilnal ligament
70
what is in the femoral sheath
femora vein, arter and canal (deep infulinal lymph nodes ) but not the gemoral nerve
71
where are the deep infuinal lymph nodes located?
in the femoral sheath
72
what is in the femoral triangle but not the femoral sheath?
the femoral nerve. sheath only has femoral artery, vein and deep inguinal lymph nodes.
73
list the layers from external to internal laterally inguinal cnal sstyle
inguinal ligament -- aponeurosis of external obluiqeu muscle -- internal oblique muscel -- transversu sabdominis muscle -- transversalis fascia -- extrapeironeal tissue - vessels and ligaments -- parietal pertoneum
74
what makes up the conjoined tendon
transversalis muscle and internal oblique come together near midline and this is fascia that covers it
75
list the layers of the spermatic cord from external to internal
external spermatic fascia/external oblique cremasteric muscle and fascia/internal oblique internal spermatic fascia/transversalis fascia
76
what si the medial umbilical ligament from
umbilical arter
77
what is the median umbilical ligament from
allantois/urachus

Gastrointestinal - step (10 decks)

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