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Gastrointestinal - step > Pathology - large tubes > Flashcards

Pathology - large tubes Flashcards

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1
Q

whats a polyp

A

small growths of tissue in the colon

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2
Q

hsito characterization of polyps

A

flat
sessile
pedunculated
based on protrusion into colonic lumen

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3
Q

describe a hyperplastic polyp

A

non neoplastic

general smaller and in the rectosigmoid area

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4
Q

what are most common type of polyp

A

hyperplastic
smaller
rectosigmoid
non neoplastic

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5
Q

list the non neoplastic types of polyps

A

hamartomatous

hyperplastic

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6
Q

list the neoplastic types of polyps

A

adenomatous

serrated

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7
Q

tuular adenomatous polyp malig risk

A

lower than villous

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8
Q

villous adenomatous polyp maligi risk

A

higher than tubular

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9
Q

describe a hamartomatous poly

A

tissue of origin - frowths of normal colonic tissue with distorted architected
solitary lesions
no signi risk of mali transformation
non neoplastic

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10
Q

lsit two syndromes associated with hamartomatous polyps

A

peutz jegher

juvenile polyposis

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11
Q

list syndromes associated with adenomatous polys

A

FAP
gardner
turcot

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12
Q

BRAF mutations and polyps

A

serrated

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13
Q

describe serrated polyps

A

premalignant
CpG methylation phenotype pathway with microsatellite intability
saw tooth of crypts on biopsy

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14
Q

what is responsible for 20% of sporadic colorectal cancer

A 
serrated poly
CpG methylation phenotype pathway with microsatellite instability
sawtooth crypts
premaligi
BRAF mutation
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15
Q

inheritance pattern of familial adenomatous polyposis

A

AD

APC gene on 5q

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16
Q

chromosome of FAP

A

chromosome 5q with APC

TWO HIT HYPOTHESIS

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17
Q

when do polyps start in FAP and who cares

A

start after puberty

100% progress to colorectal cancer unless resected

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18
Q 
FAP
osseous tumours/osteosarcoma
soft tissue tumours/desmoid tumour
hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
impacted/supernumerary teeth
A

gardner syndrome

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19
Q

describe gardner syndroem

A 
AD
supernumerary/impacted teeth
hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
soft tissue tumour/desmoid tumor
osseous tumors/osteosarcoma
FAP
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20
Q

FAP

malignant CNS tumor - astrocytoma, medulloblastoma

A

Turcot syndrome

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21
Q

describe turcot syndrome

A

AR
FAP
malignant CNS tumour - astrocytoma, medulloblastoma

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22
Q 
numerous hamartomas in the small bowel
hyperpigmented buccal mucosa
lips
hands
genitalia
A

peutz jegher

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23
Q

inheritance patter of peutz jegher

A

AD

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24
Q

describe peutz jegher

Study These Flashcards
A

multiple hamartous polys mainly in small bowel
hyperpigmentation of lips, mucosa, hands, genitals
increased risk of colorectaol , breast, stomach, small bowe, pancreatic cancers

25
increased cancer risk with peutz jegher
``` colorectal stomach breast small bowel pancreatic ```
26
child less than five | hamartomatosu polyps in colong, stomach, small bowel
juvenile polyposis syndrome
27
describe juvenile polyposis syndrome
AD child less than five hamartomatous polyps in colon, stomach, small bowel
28
list the syndromes associated with colon poyls and their pattern fo inhertiance
``` FAP - AD Gardner - AD Turcot - AR Peutz jegher - AD Juvenile Polyposis - AD Lynch syndrome - AD ```
29
what is lynch syndrome
AD mutuation of DNA mismatch repair genes with subsequent microsatellite instability
30
increased risk fo what in juvenile polyposis syndrome
colorectal cancer | pJ: colorectal, breast, stomach, small bowel, pancreatic cancer increased risk
31
what portion fo the colon is always involved in lynch syndrome
the proximal colon
32
what type of cancer is lynch syndrome associated with
colorectal breast ovarian skin colorectal breast ovarian skin
33
how do you identify lynch syndrome in families
3-2-1 rule 3 relative with Lynch syndrome-associated cancers (colorectal, breast, ovarian skin) across 2 generations, 1 that msut be diagnosed before 50 years old
34
when should you suspect thers some lynch syndrome going on.
breast/ovarian/colorectal/skin cancer in 3 family members in 2 generations with at least one of them diagnosed before 50 years old.
35
what is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women
colorectal cancer
36
typical patient in colorectal cancer
> 50 years old | 25% have familial history
37
risk factors for colorectal cancer
``` adenomatous polyp serrated polyp familial cancer syndromes IBD - UC tobacco use diset of processed meats with low fibre ```
38
low fibre
and processed meats - colorectal | diverticulosis
39
most common site fo colorectal cancer
rectosigmoid > ascending > descending @ FA | descending @ goljan
40
exophytic mass iron deificiency anaemia weight los
right sided colon cancer
41
colicky pain infiltrating mass obstruction hematochezia
LS colon cancer
42
hematochezia
diverticulosis LS colon cancer angiodysplasia
43
apple core lesion
colon cancer
44
streptococcus bovis endocarditis
colon cancer
45
when should you be suspicious of colon cancer
old man with fe def aneamia | post meno women with fe def anaemia
46
describe screening for colon cancer
after 50 years old | flexible sigmoidoscopy, stool occult blood test (not as good)
47
what is good marker for monitoring reoccurrence but not screeing colon cancer
CEA
48
CEA
marker for watching recurrence of colon cancer, but not screeing
49
list order of gene events that underlie the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
APC - KRAS - p53/DCC
50
how much of colorectal cancer is due to the microsatellite instability pathway
15
51
describe the microsatellite instability pathway and colorectal cancer
DNA mismatch repair gene mustsaions - mutatiosn accumulate but no definced morphologic corrleates seen at Lynch syndrome and sporadic
52
describe the APC/beta-catenint correlation with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
associated with 85% of spiradics. | schromsoonaml sintailiton
53
normal colon -- ? -- colon at risk
loss of APC: decreased intercellular adhesion and increased proliferation
54
normal colon -- colon at risk -- ? -- adenoma
KRAS mutation: unregulated intracellular signal transduction
55
normal colon -- colon at risk -- adenoma -- ? -- carcinoma
loss of tumour suppressor gene(s) p53 and DCC | increased tumorigenesis
56
gene associated with decreased intracellular adhesion and increased proliferation in CRC
loss fo APC
57
gene associated with unregulated intracellular signal transduction in CRC
loss of KRAS
58
gene associated with increase tumorigenesis in CRC
loss of tumor suppresses p53 or DCC

Gastrointestinal - step (10 decks)

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