Anatomy Flashcards by Victoria Zwicker

What are the 3 most common elements that are found in the human body?

1) Hydrogen
2) Oxygen
3) Carbon

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Physiology

The study of the body and it’s functions.

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What is the names of the bacterial and human cells?

Human: Eukaryotes
Bacterial: Prokaryotes

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Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

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What are the 4 types of tissues?

1) Muscle Tissue
2) Nervous Tissue
3) Epithelial Tissue
4) Connective Tissue

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Organ

A group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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List the 3 tissues that are found in the heart.

1) Muscle
2) Epithelial
3) Connective

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What are the major organs and functions of the Integumentary System?

Organs: Skin, hair, nails, skin glands, sensory receptors.

Functions: Protects internal organs and helps maintain body temperature.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Skeletal System?

Organs: The bones and joints

Functions: Support, protection, stores minerals, produces blood cells.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Muscular System?

Organs: Skeletal Muscle

Functions: Provides Movement

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What are the major organs and functions of the Circulatory System?

Organs: Blood, heart, and blood vessels

Functions: Transports nutrients, waste, gasses, and heat

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What are the major organs and functions of the Immune System?

Organs: Lymphatic vessels, fluid, and blood.

Functions: Immune function, returns fluid from tissues to blood.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Respiratory System?

Organs: Lungs and Airways

Functions: Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and tissues.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Digestive System?

Organs: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Intestines.

Functions: Converts food into smaller molecules that are absorbed and used by the body cells.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Excretory/Urinary?

Organs: Kidney, Bladder, and Ureters.

Functions: Maintains homeostasis by removing waste from blood. maintains PH, and water content.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Nervous System?

Organs: Spinal Cord, Brain, and Nerves.

Functions: Control of body activities, monitor internal and external environment.

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What are the major organs and functions of Endocrine System?

Organs: Any gland that creates hormones.

Functions: Glands release hormones that act as messengers in the body and, helps with homeostasis.

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What are the major organs and functions of the Reproductive System?

Organs: Male and Female reproductive organs.

Functions: Creates hormones, sperm, eggs, and supports offspring.

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Which is the largest and main artery of the circulatory system?

Aorta

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What are the 2blood vessels that carry blood from the upper and lower parts of the body?

1) The Super Vena Cava

2) Inferior Vena Cava.

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What separates the left and right side of the heart?

Septum

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What are the 2 blood vessels that carry the blood to and from the lungs?

1) Pulmonary Artery

2) Pulmonary Vein

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What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle

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What keeps the blood from flowing back into a chamber of the heart?

Valve

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Study the diagram of the heart.

What is the job of the veins and arteries?

Veins carry blood to the heart and arteries carry blood away from the heart.

What are tiny blood vessels called?

Capillaries

Homeostasis

Fighting disease and maintaining a stable internal environment such as proper temperature and PH.

What are the 5 components of blood?

1) Plasma 2) Red 3) White 4) Platelets 5) Lymph

Angina

A disorders with symptoms of a heart attack..

Heart Murmurs

A valve disease.

Arteriosclerosis

A disease in which the fatty deposits in the arteries cause the walls to stiffen and thicken the walls.

Atherosclerosis

Fatty deposits clinging to the walls of arteries.

Hypertension

A heart muscle disease with persistent abnormally elevated blood pressure that increases the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure.

Heart Attack

More severe symptoms than an angina attack that is usually caused by a blocked coronary artery.

What are the 3 treatments for a Heart Attack?

1) Balloon Angioplasty 2) Insertion of a Stint 3) Coronary Artery Bypass

Thrombosis

Excessive Blood Clotting.

Embolism

When a particle gets lodged inside of a vessel

Aneurysm

Abnormal swelling in a weakened arterial wall which may rupture.

What are the 2 diseases caused in Red Blood Cells?

1) Anemia | 2) Malaria

What are the 3 diseases caused in White Blood Cells?

1) Lymphoma 2) Leukaemia 3) Multiple Myeloma

What are the 3 diseases caused in Plasma?

1) Hemophilia 2) Sepsis 3) Deep Venous Thrombosis

What is the disease caused in Platelets?

Thrombocytopenia

Study the diagram of the Respiratory System.

What are the 7 "Signs of Respiratory Distress"

1) Increases breathing rate 2) Colour Changes 3) Grunting Sound During Exhalation 4) Nose Flaring 5) Chest Retractions 6) Increased Sweating 7) Wheezing

What are the 5 "Common Respiratory Disorders"?

1) Acute Bronchitis 2) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases 3) Cystic Fibrosis 4) Pneumonia 5) Tuberculosis

What is half of our body weight made up of?

Muscles

What do muscles do?

Expand and Contract.

What is an example of a Extensor Muscle?

Triceps

What is an example of a Flexor Muscle?

Biceps

Tendons

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

What are the 3 types of muscle in the Muscular System?

1) Skeletal 2) Smooth 3) Cardiac

How many muscles are there in the body?

650

What are slow and fast twitch muscles?

Slow: Muscles that can sustain themselves slowly and for long periods of time. Fast: Muscles that can contract quickly for short periods of time.

What do all the diseases in the Muscular Systems relate to?

Weakness in muscles.

Study the diagram of the Skeletal System.

Ligaments

Hold bones together.

How any bones does and infant have?

300-350

How many bones are in the body?

206

What are the 2 parts of the Skeletal System?

1) Axial Skeleton | 2) Appendicular Skeleton

What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?

Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs and Sternum.

What does the Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

Arms, Legs, Pelvic Girdle and Pectoral.

Osteoporosis

The breaking down of bones.

Scoliosis

A curve in the back or spine.

Arthritis

Damages joints and their surrounding structures.

Sprain

A ligament tear.

Anatomy Flashcards

(66 cards)