Anatomy 4: Pelvic Organs - Female Genital Organs and Peritoneal Reflections

Question 1

Label the 10 parts of this saggittal section

Answer 1

• Ureter
• Vas deferens
• Rectum
• Coccyx
• Anorectal junction
• Umbilical artery
• Ureteric orifice
• Bladder
• Pubic symphysis
• Prostatis urethra

Question 2

Function of the urogenital hiatus

Answer 2

Trasmit the urethra and the vagina in females

Question 3

What forms the fornices of the vagina?

Answer 3

The cervis pushes into the anteriorsuperior surface of the vagina –> fornices between itself and the walls of the vagina

Question 4

Two shapes of the cervix

Answer 4

• Nulliparous
• Parous

Question 5

Define flexion in terms of the uterus’s position and the normal position

Answer 5

Angle between the uterine body and cervix. Normal = anteflexed

NOTE: Angle 1 in the diagram

Question 6

Define version in terms of the uterine position and its normal position

Answer 6

Angle between the cervical canal and the vagina. Normal = anteverted.

NOTE: Angle 2 in the diagram

Question 7

4 axes of the female reproductive system

Answer 7

• Longitudinal uterine axis
• Longitudinal cervical axis
• Longitudinal body axis
• Longitudinal vaginal axis

Question 8

Define anteflexion

Answer 8

THe uterine body is flexed or bent anteriorly relative to the cervix

Question 9

Define anteversion

Answer 9

The cervis and uterus are tipped anteriosuperiorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 10

4 parts of the uterus

Answer 10

• Fundus
• Body
• Isthmus
• Cervix

Question 11

3 layers of the uterine wall

Answer 11

• Perimetrium
• Myometrium
• Endometrium

Question 12

3 parts of the cervix

Answer 12

• Internal os
• Cervical canal
• External os

Question 13

Most common tumors of the female genital tract

Answer 13

Fibroids (40% of women have by the age of 40)

Question 14

Define fibroids

Answer 14

Noncancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. In most cases there is more than one fibroid in the uterus

Question 15

Fibroid effects

Answer 15

Do not always cause symptoms, but their size and location can cause pain and heavy bleeding

Question 16

Who gets fibroids?

Answer 16

• May be genetic predisposition
  
  • Increased incidence in certain ethnic and racial groups
  • Predisposition in some families

Question 17

2 muscular supports of the uterus

Answer 17

• Levator ani and its fascia
• Perineal body (in perineum)

Question 18

3 ligaments of the endopelvis fascia supporting the uterus

Answer 18

• Sacrocervical ligaments
• transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
• Pubocervical ligaments

Question 19

3 types of support for the uterus

Answer 19

• Muscular support
• Endopelvis fascia
• Broad ligament and its associated structures such as the round ligament of the uterus

Question 20

Function and location of the sacrocervical ligaments

Answer 20

• Attach the cervis and upper end of the vagina to the lower end of the sacrum
• In the uterosacral fold

Question 21

Function of the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments

Answer 21

• Attach the cervix and upper end of the vagina to the lateral pelvic walls
• Contain the uterine and vaginal vessels

Question 22

Function of the pubocervical ligaments

Answer 22

Attach the cervix to the pubic bones

Question 23

What occurs if the support for the uterus becomes stretched and lax?

Answer 23

The cervix may descend, for varying degrees, into the vagina or even into the vestibule

Question 24

5 parts of the fallopian tube

Answer 24

• Fimbrae
• Infundibulum
• Ampulla
• Isthmus
• Intramural

Question 25

Usual site of fertilization

Answer 25

Ampulla

Question 26

4 functions of the fallopian tube

Answer 26

* Transport eggs from ovary to uterus * Site of fertilization of eggs by sperm * Transports dividing zygote to uterine cavity * Provides nourishment for the zygote

Question 27

Position of the fallopian tube

Answer 27

Upper border of the broad ligament

Question 28

Percentage of pregnancies that are ectopic

Answer 28

2%

Question 29

Most common (95%) location of ectopic gestations

Answer 29

WIthin the Fallopian tubes (see red arrows)

Question 30

Ectopic pregnancy that is rare (1.4%) but live births can occur

Answer 30

Abdominal pregnancy

Question 31

Location of the ovarian artery and vein

Answer 31

In the suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 32

3 parts of the broad ligament

Answer 32

* Mesosalpinx * Mesovarium * Mesometrium

Question 33

Define the broad ligament

Answer 33

two layers of the ligament sheet on either side of the uterus

Question 34

Relationship of the ovary to the broad ligament

Answer 34

Attachd to the back side of the posterior layer of the broad ligament by its own mesothelium called the **mesovarium**

Question 35

Ligament on the medial side of the ovary to the uterus

Answer 35

Round ligament of the ovary (or ovarian ligament)

Question 36

Describe the trajectory of the round ligament of the uterus

Answer 36

1. Extends from the uterus near where the ovarian ligament joins the uterus 2. Goes through the inguinal canal to the labia major

Question 37

What did the round ligament of the uterus and the ovarian ligament form?

Answer 37

A core of tissue that was the gubernaculum in development (in a male, this would have pulled the gonad from inside the body through the inguinal canal to the scrotum along with the gonadal vessels

Question 38

8 female peritoneal reflections

Answer 38

1. Anterior abdominal wall 2. Superior to the pubic bone 3. Superior surface of the bladder 4. Vesicouterine pouch\* 5. Over the fundus and down the posterior surface of the uterus 6. Rectouterine pouch\* 7. Anterior and lateral surfaces of the superior 1/3 of the rectum 8. Onto the posterior pelvic wall and posterior to the sigmoid colon to form the *sigmoid mesocolon* (in the abdominal cavity)

Question 39

Define the vesicouterine pouch

Answer 39

Periotoneal reflection on the superior surface of bladder then onto the anterior surface of the uterus (4)

Question 40

Define the rectouterine pouch

Answer 40

Pouch of Douglas -- peritoneal reflection that is on the posterior fornix of the vagina then onto the anterior surface of the middle 1/3 of the rectum (6)

Question 41

8 male peritoneal reflections

Answer 41

1. Anterior abdominal wall 2. Superior to the pubic bone 3. Superior surface of the bladder 4. Posterior surface of the bladder 5. Over the superior ends of the seminal vesicles 6. Rectovesical pouch\* 7. Anterior and lateral surfaces of the superior 1/3 of the rectum 8. Onto the posterior pelvic wall and posterior to the sigmoid colon to form the *sigmoid mesocolon* (in abdominal cavity)

Question 42

Define the rectovesical pouch

Answer 42

Peritoneal reflection that includes the back of the bladder and over the seminal vesicles and then onto the anterior surface of the middle 1/3 of the rectum (6)