Anatomy 5: Urogenital Triangle

Question 1

4 boundaries of the pelvic outlet

Answer 1

• Ischiopubic rami
• Sacrotuberous ligaments
• Coccyx
• Pubic symphysis

Question 2

2 divisions of the pelvic outlet

Answer 2

• Urogenital triangle
• Anal triangle

Question 3

2 openings of the perineal membrane

Answer 3

• Urethral opening
• Vaginal opening

Question 4

Define the perineal membrane

Answer 4

• A tough, thin sheet of fascia covering the UG triangular area.
• Dividing line between the deep perineal pouch and the superficial perineal pouch

Question 5

Location of the deep perineal pouch

Answer 5

Superior to the perineal membrane

Question 6

Location of the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 6

Inferior to the perineal membrane

Question 7

Define the perineal body

Answer 7

Tendinous center of the perineum

Question 8

Location of the perineal body (3 markers)

Answer 8

• Midpoint of the line drawn between the ischial tuberosities
• Posterior to the vestibule (opening) of the vagina or bulb of the penis
• Anterior to the anal canal

Question 9

4 muscles attached to the perineal body

Answer 9

• Levator ani
• Superficial transverse perineal muscle
• Deep transverse perineal muscles
• Bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 10

How may the perineal body be damaged and what may the consequence be?

Answer 10

• Due to difficult childbirth
• Injury –> potential prolapse of pelvic viscera if not repaired

Question 11

Location of bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland (males)

Answer 11

Deep perineal pouch, piercing the perineal membrane to enter the penile urethra

Question 12

Function of bulbourethral glands

Answer 12

Secrete pre-ejaculate to lubricate the urethra and neutralize traces of acidic urine

Question 13

5 components of the deep perineal pouch (male)

Answer 13

• Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland
• Perineal vessels and nerves
• Urethra (membranous part)
• Deep transverse perineal muscle
• External urethral sphincter

Question 14

5 components of the deep perineal pouch (female)

Answer 14

• Perineal vessels and nerves
• Urethra (proximal part for females)
• Deep transverse perineal muscle
• Vagina
• External urethral sphincter muscle

Question 15

8 components of the superficial perineal pouch (female)

Answer 15

• Body of clitoris containing corpora cavernosa
• Clitoris (glans)
• Crus of clitoris
• Urethral orifice
• Vaginal orifice
• Greater vestibular gland
• Bulb of vestibule
• Fourchette

Question 16

Homologue in females to the bulbourethral glands of the male

Answer 16

Greater vestibular gland

Question 17

Function of the greater vestibular gland

Answer 17

Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

Question 18

6 erectile tissues and muscles of the superficial perineal pouch (female)

Answer 18

• Ischiocavernosus muscle
• Bulbospongiosus muscle
• Superficial transverse perineal muscle
• Crus of the clitoris
• Blub of the vestibule
• Levator ani

Question 19

4 vessels of the neurovascular supply in the superficial perineal pouch (female)

Answer 19

• Perineal vessels
• Perineal nerves
• Internal pudendal artery and vein
• Pudendal nerve

Question 20

4 erectile tissues and muscles of the superficial perineal pouch (male)

Answer 20

• Ischiocavernosis muscle
• Bulbospongiosus muscle
• Crus of the penis
• Bulb of the penis

Question 21

Location of perineal vessels and nerves in males

Answer 21

Deep and superficial perineal pouches

Question 22

Identify the 2 parts

Answer 22

1. Ischiocavernosus muscle
2. Bulbospongiosus muscle

Question 23

Identify the 3 parts

Answer 23

1. Ischiocavernosus muscle
2. Bulbospongiosus muscle
3. Crus

Question 24

Identify the 3 parts

Answer 24

2. Bulbospongiosus muscle
3. Crus
4. Bulb of the vestibule

Question 25

3 divisions of the urethra (males) and their respective lengths

Answer 25

* Prostatic urethra (3 cm) * Membranous urethra (1.25 cm) * Penile (spongy) urethra (15 cm approx)

Question 26

Location of the penile urethra

Answer 26

Enclosed by the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis

Question 27

3 connective tissue layers of the penis body

Answer 27

* Tunica albuginea * Buck`s fascia (deep fascia) * Dartos fascia (superficial fascia)

Question 28

Describe the blood supply of the penis

Answer 28

* Superficial dorsal veins between the Dartos and Buck fascias * Deep dorsal vein, Dorsal artery and nerve between Buck`s fascia and tunica albuginea * Deep arteries in the corpus cavernosum and spongiosum

Question 29

9 layers of the scrotum from outermost to innermost

Answer 29

1. Skin 2. Dartos fascia and muscle 3. External spermatic fascia (from external oblique) 4. Cremaster muscle (from interal oblique) 5. Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia) 6. Tunica vaginalis -- parietal 7. Tunica vaginallis -- cavity (peritoneum) 8. Tunica vaginalis -- visceral 9. Tunica albuginea

Question 30

4 male pelvis fascias

Answer 30

* Scarpa`s fascia * Dartos fascia * Colles fascia * Buck`s fascia

Question 31

Locatoin of scarpa's fascia

Answer 31

Superficial fascia in the abdomen

Question 32

Location of dartos fascia

Answer 32

Superficial fascia on the penis and scrotum

Question 33

Location of Colles fascia

Answer 33

Superficial fascia in perineum

Question 34

Location of Buck's fascia

Answer 34

Deep fascia on the penis