Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomical Considerations in Children
A
- Small mouth
- Large tongue (in relation to mandible)
- Floppy epiglottis (infants)
- Large occiput
- Infants are obligate nose breathers (until ~6 months)
- Cricoid ring narrowest portion of airway in infants and young children
2
Q
Bronchus
A
- Bifurcates into right and left bronchus
- Right side greenly more straight and more likely to be site of aspiration
3
Q
Alveoli
A
- Continue to multiply until ~8 years
- Covered in capillaries
- Sight of gas exchange
4
Q
Inhalation
A
- Active
- Requires contraction of several muscles (diaphragm, intercostals)
5
Q
Exhalation
A
- Passive
- Relaxation of intercostals and diaphragm, return of rib cage, diaphragm, and sternum to resting position, increases pressure in lungs and air is exhaled
6
Q
***PEARL: Some conditions, such as status asthmatics, interfere with passive exhalation
A
Physical exam demonstrates forced and prolonged exhalation phase ***
7
Q
Hypoventilation should always raise concern for ___
A
Neuronal anomaly such as drug effect, underlying intracranial process, others
8
Q
Hyperventilation often caused by ___
A
Conditions outside the lung such as metabolic acidosis, neurologic process, anxiety
