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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

A 
Gluteal
Femoral
Knee
Leg
Ankle
Foot
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2
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

What roles do the superficial muscles of the gluteal region play?

A

Extensors, abductors and medial rotators of the thigh

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4
Q

What nerves are involved in the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Obturator

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5
Q

What is Trendelenburg’s gait?

A

Pelvis will tilt and looks like one leg is too long.

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6
Q

What are the deep muscles involved in the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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7
Q

What do the deep muscles in the gluteal region do?

A

Lateral rotators of thigh

Hip stabiliser

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8
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

The nerves of the sacral plexus

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9
Q

Where do the nerves enter and exit the pelvis from?

A

The greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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10
Q

What ligaments make up the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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11
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve arise from?

A

L4- S3

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12
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles

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13
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

S2-S4

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14
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Perineum

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15
Q

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?

A

S1-S3

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16
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?

A

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum

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17
Q

What does the sciatic nerve separate into at the distal thigh?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular

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18
Q

What artery is involved with the sciatic nerve?

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior- inguinal ligament
Medial - lateral border of adductor longus
Lateral- medial border of sartorius
Floor- iliopsoas and pectinus
Roof- fascia lata
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20
Q

What is the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

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21
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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22
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral (LEG HAS LATERAL)
Posterior

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23
Q

In the anterior thigh what are the muscles involved?

Study These Flashcards
A

Flexors: Pectinus, ilipsoas, sartorius
Extensors: quadriceps femoris

24
Q

What nerves are involved in the anterior thigh?

Remember psoas major is different!

Study These Flashcards
A

All femoral nerves L2,3,4

and psoas major L1,L2,L3

25
What are the adductor muscles of the medial thigh?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
26
What is the nerve supply to the medial thigh? | Remember adductor magnus is different!
Obturator nerve. L2,3,4 Hamstring part of adductor magus is tibial nerve
27
What muscles are involved in the posterior thigh?
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris
28
What is the nerve supply to the posterior thigh?
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve. | L5, S1, S2
29
What muscles are involved in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorium longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
30
What is the nerve supply to the anterior leg?
Deep fibular nerve. | L4,5
31
What are the muscles involved in the lateral leg?
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
32
What is the nerve supply to the lateral leg?
Superficial fibular nerve L5,S1, S2 SAME AS POSTERIOR THIGH
33
What superficial muscles are involved in the posterior leg?
Gastrocnemius soleus plantaris
34
What is the nerve innervation to the posterior leg?
tibial nerve
35
What are the deep muscles involved in the posterior leg?
popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
36
What is contained within the popliteal fossa?
Fat Terminal small saphenous vein Tibial and common fibular nerves
37
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
superolaterally- biceps femoris superomedially- semimembranosus inferiorly- gastrocnemius roof- popliteal fascia
38
What structure does the superficial lymphatics follow?
Saphenous veins
39
Where do the superficial lymphatics drain to?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes then to the external iliac nodes
40
What structures do the deep lymphatics follow?
The deep veins
41
Where do the deep lymphatics drain to?
Popliteal lymph nodes then to the deep inguinal and finally end up in the external iliac nodes (same as superficial)
42
What kind of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket
43
Which two structures articulate to make the hip joint?
Head of femur | Acetabulum of hip
44
True or False | The hip joint is a cartilaginous joint.
False. | It is a synovial joint.
45
What are ligaments for?
To strengthen the joint capsule
46
What are the ligaments involved in the hip joint?
Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral
47
What does the deep femoral artery divide into?
The medial and lateral circumflex artery to supply the hip joint.
48
What kind of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge joint
49
What are the articulations of the knee joint?
2X femerotibial | 1X femeropatellar
50
What is the main movement of the knee joint?
Flexion-extension
51
True or False. | The knee joint is a synovial joint.
True! | Not as strong as the hip joint.
52
What are the extracapsular knee ligaments?
Outside capsule Patellar ligament Lateral and medial collateral ligament
53
What are the intra-articular knee ligaments?
Anterior and posterior cruciate | ACL and PCL
54
What are menisci?
Crescent shaped and made of fibrocartilage. | Protection and shock absorption.
55
What menisci are present in the knee?
Medial and lateral
56
What is the calcaneal tendon?
The Achilles tendon
57
Where does the the calcaneal tendon stretch from?
The calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus to | the tendons of the gastrocneumius and soleus.

MSK (30 decks)

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