Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT SB > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the thinnest part of the skull

A

the pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two parts of the temporal bone

A

petrous part

squamous part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is contained in the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid and spehnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is contained in the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid and temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is contained in the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the only cranial nerve to run through the anterior fossa

A

CNI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what nerves could be damaged in pathology of the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 parts of the ear and what are there boundaries

A

external ear

  • auricle to tympanic membrane
  • via external acoustic meatus

middle ear

  • tympanic membrane to oval window
  • also eustachian tube

internal ear
- oval window to internal acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of the 3 parts of the ear

A

external
- collect and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane

middle
- amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

internal
- converts special sensory information; into fluid waves, then APs, conducts APs to brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is anaesthetic contained adrenaline not used on external ear

A

avascular

nutrients from skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the external acoustic meatus/ear canal lined with

A

skin

- ceruminous glands that produce earwax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the lymph nodes surrounding the ear

A

parotid (pre-auricular)

mastoid (post-auricular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is the auricle pulled in otoscopic examination

A

posteroinferiorly in children

posterosuperiorly in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the nerve supply of the tympanic membrane

A

external surface - CN V3

internal surface - CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does CNIX, the glossopharyngeal nerve provide sensory innervation to

A 
middle ear cavity
eustachian tube
nasopharynx
oropharynx
tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the eustachian tube connect

A

middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

laryngopharynx nerve supply

A

CN X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 bones of the middle ear cavity called the auditory ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the base of the stapes fit into

A

the oval window i.e. internal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what foramen in the base of the skull does CN VII run through

A

internal acoustic meatus

stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the course of the facial nerve through the petrous temporal bone

A 
internal acoustic meatus
>>
facial canal
>>
stylomastoid foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is chorda tympani

A
  • branch of CN VII
  • supply to taste buds of anterior 2/3rds of tongue
  • parasymp supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the function of the stapedius

A

reduces stapes movement to protect internal ear from excessive noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does chorda tympani connect with

A

lingual nerve branch of CN V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the muscles of facial expression
frontalis orbicularis oculi elevators of lips orbicularis oris
26
how can we test muscles of facial expression and motor function of CN VII
frown close eyes tightly smile puff out cheeks
27
what are the two parts of CN VIII, the vestibulocohlear nerve
the cochlear nerve (hearing) | the vestibular nerve (balance)
28
what is the apex of the spiral of the cochlea called
cupula
29
what are the 3 semi-circular canals called
anterior lateral posterior
30
what is contained in the cochlear duct and the semi-circular canals
cochlear duct - cochlear nerve | semi-circular canals - vestibular nerve
31
what tuning fork is used to test hearing
512 Hz tuning fork
32
how is sound transmitted
1 - Sound waves make tympanic membrane vibrate 2 -Vibrations transmitted through ossicles 3 -Base of stapes vibrates in oval window 4 - Vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilymph 5 - Hair cells in the cochlea are moved, neurotransmitter is released, Aps stimulated and conveyed to brain by cochlear nerve 6 - Pressure waves descend and become vibrations again 7 - Pressure waves are dampened at the round window
33
what cannot be used near nasal cartilage
adrenaline-containing local anaesthetics
34
what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the roof
cribriform plate and crista galli
35
what part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the septum
perpendicular plate of ethmoid | rest is made up by the VOMER
36
what type of fracture can disrupt the cribriform plate and why is this an issue
Le Fort II and III | - danger of infection spreading to the anterior cranial fossa
37
what is the olfactory bulb
ganglion of CN I | cell bodies of 2nd neurones
38
where do the receptor cells of CN I pass through
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
39
what is the nerve supply of the nasal cavity
Ophthalmic (CN V1) anterosuperiorly Maxillary (CN V2) posteroinferiorly
40
what is the blood supply of the nasal cavity
External - facial - maxillary Internal - ophthalmic
41
what is Kiesselbach's Area and why is it clinically important
anastomosis of all the arterial blood supply of the nasal cavity common site for nosebleeds/epistaxis
42
what are the conchae of the nasal cavities
superior (of ethmoid) middle (of ethmoid) inferior
43
what are meatuses
spaces under each concha
44
what is the only meatus not under a concha
sphenoethmoidal
45
what is the nerve supply of the inferior conchae
CN V1
46
what are the cavities mainly lined by
respiratory epithelium | - pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet (mucous-secreting) cells
47
what do 'holes' in the meatus allow
drainage of mucous from the paranasal sinuses
48
what are the paranasal sinuses
frontal sinuses ethmoidal (air) cells maxillary sinuses sphenoid sinus
49
what are sinuses lined by
mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa
50
what are the functions of sinuses
mucous drains into nasal cavities via ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities
51
where does the frontal sinuses drain into and what also does
middle meatus | maxillary sinus
52
where do ethmoidal cells drain into
superior and middle meatus
53
what drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess
sphenoidal sinus
54
what drains into the inferior meatus
lacrimal gland via the nasolacrimal duct
55
what provides the painful sensation in sinusitis and where may the pain be referred
CN V1 and V2 Teeth
56
why is the maxillary sinuses predisposed to inflammation
maxillary sinus ostia being located superiorly mucous has to drain against gravity
57
where in the mouth is the opening for the submandibular salivary glands
under the tongue
58
where does the parotid duct sit
crosses masseter | pierces medially through buccinator
59
where does the parotid gland come out in the mouth
upper back molars
60
what is the muscle of the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid
61
what supplies the sublingual and submandibular gland
CN VII
62
what is the nerve supply of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
general sensory = CN V3 | special sensory = CN VII
63
what is the nerve supply of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
general and sensory supply = CN IX
64
what is the origin of the thyroid gland
foramen caecum
65
what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
palatoglossus styloglossus hyoglossus genioglossus
66
what does CN XII sit in in the occipital bone
hypoglossal canal
67
how can CN XII be tested
ask patient to stick out tongue
68
what are the muscles of the soft palate and what is their function
levator veli palatini - lifts the soft palate towards the base of the skull tensor veli palatini - tenses the soft palate palatoglossus - depresses the palate towards the tongue or vice versa palatopharyngeus - a longitudinal muscle of the pharynx - attaches between the palate and the larynx musculus uvulae
69
what is the nerve supply of the muscles of the soft palate
all CN X apart from tensor veil palatini - CN V3
70
how can CN X and CN V3 be tested
ask the patient to say 'Aaahh'
71
what innervates the pharynx
CN X
72
what protects the pharynx
Waldeyer’s (defensive) ring of lymphoid tissue
73
what is enclosed in pre tracheal fascia
``` the strap muscles thyroid gland trachea & larynx oesophagus & pharynx recurrent laryngeal nerves ```
74
where is the larynx
between C4 and C6
75
what level is the hyoid bone
C3
76
when can vertebra begin to be palpated
C7
77
what what level does the larynx become the trachea
C6
78
what is the name of the membrane that connects the hyoid to the thyroid cartilage
thyrohyoid membrane
79
what is the name of the membrane that connects the thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage
cricothyroid membrane
80
what is the only cartilage to make a complete ring around the larynx
cricoid cartilage
81
what is the name of the back of the cricoid cartilage
lamina
82
where do vocal cords attach to
thyroid cartilage | vocal process of arytenoid cartilages
83
what is the space between vocal cords called
rima glottidis
84
what is the mucosa of the larynx
mainly respiratory epithelium: EXCEPT for the VOCAL CORDS stratified squamous epithelium
85
what are the false and true vocal cords
F - superior of vocal cords - vestibular folds T - inferior of vocal cords - vocal folds
86
nerve supply of larynx
CN X Superior to vocal fold = superior laryngeal branches of CN X Vocal fold and inferior = recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X
87
what are the role of cricothyroid muscles
tense the vocal cords
88
role of thyro-arytenoid muscles
relax vocal cords | pull the arytenoid cartilages towards the thyroid cartilage
89
role of lateral circa-arythenoid muscles
adduct the vocal cords | rotate the arytenoid cartilages so that the vocal processes of the cartilages come together in the midline
90
role of the arytenoid muscles
adduct the vocal cords
91
role of posterior circa-arythenoid muscles
abduct the vocal cords | widens the rima glottidis
92
how can the vagus nerve be tested
ask patient to swallow small sip of water listen to patient speak ask patient to cough

ENT SB (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions