Anatomy Flashcards
(10 cards)
What happens at the level of the C6 vertebra?
- the larynx becomes the trachea
- the pharynx becomes the oesophagus
Where is the isthmus located?
- between the 2nd and 4th tracheal cartilages, anteriorly
Briefly describe the development of the lung in embryo
- lung bud pushes out from mediastinum
- covered in pleura (visceral)
- chest wall is also covered in pleura (parietal)
- both pleurae secrete pleural fluid into the pleural cavity - acts as a lubricant and provides surface tension
Describe the anatomy of the left and right lungs
left lung
- divided into superior and inferior lobes, separated by an oblique fissure
right lung
- divided into superior, middle and inferior lobes, separated by oblique and horizontal fissures
Describe the thoracic skeleton i.e. number of ribs, number of vertebrae, bones of the sternum
ribs
- true (1-7)
- false (8-10)
- floating (11 and 12)
vertebrae
- thoracic (T1-T12)
sternum (from top to bottom)
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process
Describe the anatomical landmarks of a rib, travelling from sternum to vertebra
- articulates with sternum via costal cartilage
- costal groove located inferiorly on deep surface for intercostal NVB
- rib angle
- body/shaft of rib
- rib tubercle, articulates with transverse process of vertebra of the same number
- neck of rib
- head of rib
Name two joints that attach a rib, via the costal cartilage, to the sternum
- costochondral - rib joins to cartilage
- sternocostal - cartilage joins to sternum
Name the muscles of breathing
three layers between ribs and within intercostal spaces…
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- innermost intercostals
diaphragm
Describe the nerve and blood supply of the intercostal spaces
Nerve
- anterior ramus of spinal nerve (intercostal nerve)
Blood
- posterior - arterial supply is thoracic aorta, venous supply is azygous vein
- anterior - arterial supply is internal thoracic artery, venous supply is internal thoracic vein
Regarding the diaphragm, what are the three attachments that the muscular part makes, and what is the nerve supply?
Muscular attachments
- sternum
- lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
- L1-L3 vertebral bodies
Nerve supply
- phrenic nerve, C3 C4 and C5 anterior rami (descending from the neckon the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle, then down over the lateral aspects of the heart)
