ANATOMY Flashcards
(36 cards)
What plane does the kidney transverse?
The transpyloric plane - L1
Where is the Tranpyloric plane on surface anatomy?
Mid point between Jugular notch and Pubic Symphysis
What else is situated on the TP plane?
Pylorus of stomach Neck of pancreas 2nd part of duodenum, duodenojejunal flexure Hilus of kidney Origin of portal vein Start of SMA Termination of the spinal cord
What are the coverings of the kidney from anteroir to posterior?
Peritoneum Fat Renal Fascia Perirenal fat Renal Parrenal fat Transversalis Fascia
What relates to the Right kidney anteriorly ?
Suprarenal gland - Supeior Liver - laterally Duodenum - more medial Colon - inferolateral Jujenum - Inferior
What relates to the Left Kidney anteriorly?
Spleen - superalateral Suprarenal gland - supramedial Stomach - anterior superior Pancreas - anterior Left colonic flexure - inferolateral Small Bowel -inframedial
What are the posterior relations to the kidneys?
Diphragm - superiorly and main posterior body
Psoas Major - Inferomedial
Quadratus Lumborum - inferolateral
What is the isthmus composed of in a horseshoe kidney?
Fibrous tissue / Functioning Parenchyma
What is the potential cmpl of horseshoe kidney?
prone to hydronephrosis, infection, stone formation, tumours.
How is the duplication of the ureter formed and what are it’s potential cmpl?
As a result of dupilication of mesonephric duct
Can result in vesicouteric reflux and UTI
Where in the kidney is the loop of henle and collecting ducts?
The medulla
What are the three major sites of constrictions?
- Origin of ureters, at side of TV process - Pelviureteric jx
- Pelvic Brim - crosses external illiac a
- Vesoto-ureteric jx
How would you test for Ureteric Calculus?
CT KUB - would show a fuzzy border as dilated kidney
How would you investigate a renal cyst?
MRI renal
What are the main fx of the kidney?
Remove metabolic waste by filtration and excretion Regulate plasma electrolytes and BP Stabilise pH Reabsorption of small molecules Produce erythropoietin - stim RBC prod
What level is the kidney at?
T12-L3
How does kidney pain present?
Retroperitoneal
How are the renal arteries branches arranged?
Segmentally - 5 different areas
Arcuate (interlobar) - branch around the circumference
Interlobular - supply each nephron
Where does lymph drain to?
Lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the renal nerve supply?
Renal Plexus
Symp - T10-L2
Sensory - T10-12
where in the bladder is the opening for the ureters?
Posteriorly
Which surface on the bladder has a peritoneum covering?
Superior
How is the intenal urethral sphincter inervated?
Sympathtically T11-12
What is the arterial supply of the bladder?
Internal Iliac artery
