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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is the arrangement of the heart muscle?

A

Like the figure 8

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2
Q

How do the walls of the right and left ventricles compare to each other? Why?

A

Left ventricle has thicker wall than right ventricle

because it needs to withstand higher pressures

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3
Q

Which valves of the heart are tricuspid?

A

Tricuspid

Aortic

Pulmonary

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4
Q

Which valve of the heart is bicuspid?

A

Mitral

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5
Q

What is the function of the valves of the heart?

A

Open to allow flow of blood through them

Close to prevent backflow of blood through them

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6
Q

What are the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves attached to?

A

Chordae tendiniae

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7
Q

What are chordae tendineae attached to?

A

Papillary muscles

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8
Q

What is the function of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles?

A

Prevent inversion of valves during systole

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9
Q

What are the coronary arteries that branch off the aorta?

A

Right and left coronary arteries

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10
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run?

A

The atrioventricular groove

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11
Q

What are the coronary arteries that branch off the right coronary artery?

A

SA nodal artery

AV nodal artery

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

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12
Q

What are the coronary arteries that branch off the left coronary artery?

A

Left anterior descending artery

Left circumflex branch

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13
Q

Which coronary artery branches off the left anterior descending artery?

A

Left diagonal artery

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14
Q

Where does the left diagonal artery run?

A

Runs over the LV

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15
Q

Where does the left circumflex branch run?

A

The atrioventricular groove

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16
Q

Which coronary artery branches off the left circumflex branch?

A

Left marginal artery

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17
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

The RA and RV

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18
Q

What does the right marginal artery supply?

A

The RV

And the apex

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19
Q

What does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

A

Interventricular septum

RV and LV

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20
Q

What does the left anterior descending artery supply?

A

Interventricular septum

RV and LV

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21
Q

What does the left diagonal artery supply?

A

The LV

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22
Q

What does the left circumflex artery supply?

A

The LA and LV

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23
Q

What does the left mariginal artery supply?

A

The LV

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24
Q

What are the cardiac veins of the heart?

A

Anterior cardiac veins

Small cardiac vein

Great cardiac vein

Oblique cardiac vein

Coronary sinus

Left marginal vein

Left posterior ventricular vein

Middle cardiac vein

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25
Where do the anterior cardiac veins run?
Right side of heart anteriorly
26
Where does the great cardiac vein run?
Runs in atrioventricular groove
27
What branches off the great cardiac vein?
Left marginal vein
28
Where does the great cardiac vein end? What does it become?
Ends at the posterior surface of the heart Becomes the coronary sinus
29
What branches off the coronary sinus?
Posterior ventricular vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein
30
Where does the posterior ventricular vein run?
Posterior surface of LEFT ventricle
31
Where does the middle cardiac vein run?
In posterior interventricular groove
32
Where does the coronary sinus run?
Posterior surface of the heart | In the atrioventricular groove
33
What do the cardiac veins drain into?
Coronary sinus
34
What does the coronary sinus drain into?
The RA
35
Where is the heart located?
Middle mediastinum
36
What is the mediastinum?
Area between the right and left pleural cavities containing the lungs
37
What does the heart lie behind?
Sternum
38
What forms the apex of the heart?
The tip of the LV
39
Where does the apex of the heart lie?
Left 5th intercostal space
40
In what direction does the apex of the heart point?
Anteriorly inferiorly to left
41
What is the base of the heart?
The posterior surface
42
What forms the base of the heart?
The atria, mainly LA
43
Where is the base of the heart located?
Between the lung hila
44
What forms the anterior surface of the heart?
RA and RV | small strip of LV
45
What forms the inferior surface of the heart?
Ventricles, mainly LV
46
What does the inferior surface of the heart lie on?
The diaphragm
47
What forms the right border of the heart?
Right atrium
48
What is the right border of the heart in line with?
SVC IVC
49
What forms the superior border of the heart?
Both atria
50
What forms the left border of the heart?
LV, small portion of LA
51
What forms the inferior border of the heart?
RV | LV at apex
52
Where do the atria lie relative to the ventricles?
To the right | and behind them
52
Where do right-sided structures of the heart lie relative to the left-sided structures?
Anteriorly
54
What is the atrioventricular groove?
Transverse groove around the heart | separates the atria from the ventricles
55
What is an interventricular groove?
Groove that runs down the heart | separates the RV from the LV
56
How many interventricular grooves are there? What are they?
Two - anterior and posterior
57
What are the layers of the heart?
Pericardium - outer Myocardium Endocardium - inner
58
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous layer - outer Serosal layer - inner
59
What are the layers of the inner serosal layer of the pericardium?
Parietal layer - outer Visceral layer - inner
60
What does the visceral layer of the pericardium do?
Attaches to the heart
61
What is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Epicardium
62
What does the outer parietal layer of the pericardium do?
Lines the fibrous layer
63
What is the pericardial cavity?
The space between the visceral and parietal layer
64
What does the pericardial cavity contain?
Lubricating serous fluid Fat maybe
65
What is the purpose of the lubricating serous fluid in the pericardial cavity?
Minimise friction as heart contracts
66
What is the fibrous layer of the pericardium made up of?
Connective tissue
67
What are the functions of the fibrous layer of the pericardium?
Connects the heart to surrounding structures to hold it in place Prevents heart from over-filling
67
What are the nerves running alongside the pericardium?
Phrenic nerves - right and left
67
What is pericaridal fat?
Fat within the pericardial cavity
69
Which surrounding structures is the fibrous layer of the pericardium attached to?
Sternum Mediastinal portions of the lungs Diaphragm
70
What structures emerge from the pericardium?
Aorta Pulmonary trunk SVC, IVC
71
What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5
72
What do the phrenic nerves innervate?
Diaphragm
73
What is epicardial fat?
Fat between heart and pericardium | specifically, between myocardium and visceral layer of pericardium
75
What is the endocardium?
The inner surface of the heart | lined with endothelium
75
What is the transverse pericardial sinus?
Passage between aorta and pulmonary trunk in front SVC behind
77
What is the clinical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus?
Heart surgery clamp down aorta and pulmonary trunk create bypass between aorta and vena cava to empty the heart of blood
78
What is the oblique sinus?
Gap | posterior to heart

Cardiovascular System (22 decks)

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