Anatomy

Question 1

An upper UTI involves….

Answer 1

may involve the kidneys

Question 2

A lower UTI involves…

Answer 2

the urethra and bladder

Question 3

The upper urinary tract includes (2)

Answer 3

the kidneys, the ureters

Question 4

The lower urinary tract includes (2)

Answer 4

the urethra and bladder

Question 5

The kidneys are within the _______ peritoneum

Answer 5

retro

Question 6

The ____ _____ is within the perineum

Answer 6

distal urethra

Question 7

The _____ ureters, ______ and proximal _____ are within the pelvis

Answer 7

The distal ureters, bladder and proximal urethra are within the pelvis

Question 8

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein/artery, sits anteriorly?

Answer 8

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein sits anteriorly

Question 9

4 layers of the retroperitoneum before the renal capsule

Answer 9

visceral peritoneum, paranephric fat, renal fascia, perinephric fat

Question 10

muscle next to the vertebrae behind the kidney

Answer 10

psoas major

Question 11

posterior abdominal wall muscle aka…

Answer 11

left quadrantus lumborum

Question 12

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (3)

Answer 12

external oblique, internal ooblique, transversus abdominus

Question 13

The kidneys lie _____ to quadratus lumborum and lateral to _____ _____

Answer 13

The kidneys lie anterior to quadratus lumborum and lateral to psoas major

Question 14

The right kidney lies at vertebral levels…

Answer 14

L1-L3

Question 15

The left kidney lies at vertebral levels

Answer 15

T12-L2

Question 16

Which ribs lie posterior to the kidneys?

Answer 16

floating ribs, 11 and 12

Question 17

Which anatomical regions are the kidneys found?

Answer 17

the right and left lumbar ‘flank’ regions

Question 18

the right kidney is posterior to… (4)

Answer 18

liver, hepatorenal recess, 2nd part of the duodenum, ascending colon right colic flexure

Question 19

The left kidney is posterior to…(4)

Answer 19

the stomach, tail of the pancreas, the hilum of the spleen, the splenic vessels

Question 20

the common iliac arteries are ____ to the common iliac veins

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

the lymph from the kidneys drains to…

Answer 21

the lumbar nodes (around the abdominal aorta and IVC)

Question 22

the lymph from the ureters drains to…

Answer 22

the lumbar and iliac nodes)

Question 23

the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of…

Answer 23

the umbilicus

Question 24

the ureteric arterial supply is branches from…(5)

Answer 24

renal artery, abdominal aorta, the common iliac artery, the internal iliac artery, the bladder artery

Question 25

the ureter normally travels ____ to the IVC

Answer 25

anterior

Question 26

structure of a nephron from glomerulus to minor calyx

Answer 26

glomerulus --> proximal convuluted tubule --> loop of henle --> distal convoluted tubule --> collecting duct --> minor calyx

Question 27

Where are the kidney nephrons found?

Answer 27

the renal pyramid (around 50,000 per pyramid)

Question 28

Pathway from nephrons to ureter

Answer 28

collecting duct--> minor calyx --> major calyx --> renal pelvis --> ureter

Question 29

the first constriction in urine drainage occurs at...

Answer 29

the pelvicureteric junction

Question 30

3 sites of ureteric constriction

Answer 30

pelviureteric junction, ureter, ureteric orifice (opening into bladder)

Question 31

kidney stones are...

Answer 31

renal calculi

Question 32

the ureter has ____ ___ which tries to increase peristalsis in an attempt to clear an obstruction

Answer 32

smooth muscle

Question 33

a patient with a ureteric obstruction will experience _____ pain due to the peristalsis

Answer 33

colicky

Question 34

what is renal failure?

Answer 34

failure to adequately filter the blood to produce urine

Question 35

describe hydronephrosis

Answer 35

urine back pressure into the calyces compresses the nephrons leading to renal failure

Question 36

pelvic floor muscle...

Answer 36

levator ani

Question 37

what level do the ureters enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?

Answer 37

the ischial spine

Question 38

vesical arteries supply the...

Answer 38

bladder

Question 39

the vesical arteries are branches of...

Answer 39

the internal iliac

Question 40

what muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?

Answer 40

detrusor muscles

Question 41

in the male, the detrusor muscle fibres also forms...

Answer 41

the internal urethral sphincter

Question 42

the uterus is ____ to the bladder

Answer 42

superior

Question 43

pouch separating the uterus and the bladder

Answer 43

uterovesical pouch

Question 44

the prostate gland lies _____ to the bladder.

Answer 44

inferior

Question 45

external urethral sphincter is present in both males and female - TRUE/FALSE

Answer 45

True

Question 46

types of urethra in the male

Answer 46

the prostatic urethra, the spongy urethra (in the penis)

Question 47

where do the testes originate?

Answer 47

the posterior abdomen

Question 48

How do the testes move from the posterior abdomen?

Answer 48

through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

Question 49

contents of the spermatic cord (6)

Answer 49

testicular artery and vein (panpiniform plexus), the vas deferens, lymphatic vessels, nerves and somatic muscle

Question 50

within the scrotum, what does the testicle sit within?

Answer 50

the tunica vaginalis

Question 51

torsion of the testes is...

Answer 51

twisting of the spermatic cord and disruption of the blood supply to the testes.

Question 52

ejaculatory duct joins the ____ urethra within the _____

Answer 52

prostatic urethra, prostate

Question 53

where is the epididymis palpated?

Answer 53

the posterior aspect of the testis

Question 54

the vas deferens passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the bladder

Answer 54

posteriorly

Question 55

common location of prostatic cancer?

Answer 55

peripheral zone

Question 56

the inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with...

Answer 56

levator ani

Question 57

corpus spongiosum is...

Answer 57

the anterior cylinder of the erectile tissue which transmits the urethra

Question 58

the spongy urethra is transmitted through?

Answer 58

the corpus spongiosum

Question 59

the three erectile tissue cylinder are?

Answer 59

2 R and L corpus cavernosum, the corpus spongiosum

Question 60

lymph from the scrotum and the majority of the penis (not glans) drains to...

Answer 60

the superficial inguinal nodes in the superficial fascia of the groin

Question 61

lypmh from the testis drains to...

Answer 61

the lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

Question 62

blood supply to the penis is via the ____ arteirs of the penis

Answer 62

deep

Question 63

the deep arteries of the penis is supplied by the...

Answer 63

internal pudendal artery

Question 64

the internal pudendal artery is supplied by...

Answer 64

the internal iliac

Question 65

the blood supply to the scrotum is from...

Answer 65

the internal pudendal and branches of the external iliac artery