Anatomy

Question 1

Muscle of facial expression, Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue via chords tympani), sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (parasympathetic).

Answer 1

Facial VII

Question 2

Taste and sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue, and parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland.

Answer 2

Glossopharyngeal IX

Question 3

Muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus, X, XI).

Answer 3

Hypoglossal

Question 4

Includes tip of nose (nasociliary), eyes (lacrimal), and forehead (frontal). Is Sensory.

Answer 4

V1 Opthalmic

Question 5

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 5

V1 Ophthalmic, V2 Maxillary, and V3 Mandibular.

Question 6

Includes the upper teeth, nose, palate, mouth, cheek, and temporal region. Is sensory.

Answer 6

V2 Maxillary

Question 7

Includes the muscles of mastication (motor) and lower teeth (sensory). Both Sensory and Motor.

Answer 7

V3 Mandibular

Question 8

PSA

Answer 8

Maxillary molars, except MB root of 1st molar and facial gingival tissues. Contraindicated when risk of hemorrhage is too great.

Question 9

MSA

Answer 9

Maxillary premolars and MB root of 1st molar and facial gingival tissues of premolars and MB root of #3. Contraindicated when infection/inflammation in area.

Question 10

ASA

Answer 10

Maxillary centrals, laterals, cuspids, and facial gingival tissues of maxillary central, lateral and canine. Contraindicated when homeostasis is needed and when only one or two teeth need to be anesthetized.

Question 11

IA

Answer 11

All mandibular teeth, lingual gingiva, anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, facial soft tissues of 2nd premolar to central incisor. Contraindicated when patient’s may bite their lip/tongue and infection/acute inflammation in area.

Question 12

GP

Answer 12

No teeth anesthetized, lingual soft tissues of maxillary molar to canine. Contraindicated with inflammation/infection in area.

Question 13

NP

Answer 13

No teeth anesthetized, lingual soft tissues of maxillary from incisor to canine. Contraindicated with inflammation/infection in area.

Question 14

Buccal

Answer 14

No teeth anesthetized, facial soft tissue of mandibular molars to 1st premolar. Contraindicated with infections/inflammation in area.

Question 15

Mental

Answer 15

No teeth anesthetized, buccal soft tissues of lower lip, chin, and buccal soft tissues from 1st premolar forward. Contraindicated with infections/inflammation in area.

Question 16

Incisive

Answer 16

All teeth anterior to mental foramen, buccal soft tissues of lower lip, chin, buccal soft tissues from 1st premolar forward. Contraindicated with infections/inflammation in area.

Question 17

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 17

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3).

Question 18

What supplies blood to the muscles of mastication?

Answer 18

Maxillary artery (branch of the external carotid artery),

Question 19

Whats the origin and function of the Temporalis?

Answer 19

Temporal fossa (temple) and retract and elevate the mandible.

Question 20

Whats the origin and function of the Masseter?

Answer 20

Zygomatic arch (Cheek bone) and elevates the mandible.

Question 21

Whats the origin and function of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 21

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) and maxillary tuberosity. It elevates and protrudes the mandible.

Question 22

Whats the origin and function of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 22

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) and infra temporal surface of the sphenoid bone. Protrude and/or depress the mandible (working with the hyoid muscles), and allow the side to side (lateral) shift of the mandible.

Question 23

How is the medial pterygoid different from the master muscle?

Answer 23

medial pterygoid is internal and the master is external.

Question 24

What closes and elevates the mandible?

Answer 24

Temporalis, medial pterygoid, and masseter muscles

Question 25

What opens the mouth?

Answer 25

The lateral pterygoid with the hyoid muscles.

Question 26

What's the Buccinator muscle?

Answer 26

Cheek muscle, muscle of facial expression, and keeps food on chewing surface of the teeth.

Question 27

What's the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 27

Comprises floor of mouth and attaches to the mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique extension).

Question 28

What does the temporal bone of the TMJ include?

Answer 28

Mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa, or articular fossa (articular eminence, just anterior to the fossa)

Question 29

What does the mandible contain?

Answer 29

Condyle

Question 30

What does the articular disc of the TMJ include?

Answer 30

Prevents bone to bone contact, divides joint into upper and lower synovial cavities, moves with the condyle under normal function.

Question 31

What does the capsule of the TMJ include?

Answer 31

thick fibrous tissue surrounding joint, inner lining secretes synovial fluid (lubricates joint).

Question 32

What happens when both lateral pterygoids contract?

Answer 32

It will protrude the jaw.

Question 33

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 33

The facial nerve VII.

Question 34

What supplies the blood to the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 34

the facial artery.

Question 35

What muscles contribute to a smile?

Answer 35

Zygomaticus, levator anguli oris, and risorius.

Question 36

What innervates the hyoid muscles?

Answer 36

Trigeminal Nerve (V) and Facial Nerve (VII)

Question 37

What is the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 37

below the hyoid bone and stabilizes the hyoid bone.

Question 38

What comprises the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 38

thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid (sternum or breast bone), omohyoid (shoulder).

Question 39

What is the supra hyoid muscles?

Answer 39

above the hyoid bone, open the mouth, and depresses the mandible.

Question 40

What comprises the supra hyoid muscles?

Answer 40

mylohyoid (floor of mouth), geniohyoid (genial tubercles), digastric (support slings, from mastoid process to mandible), stylohyoid (styloid process).

Question 41

What innervates the sternocleidomastoid and its function?

Answer 41

Accessory Nerve XI, tilts and rotates the head. (sternum and clavicle).

Question 42

What innervates the trapezius and its function?

Answer 42

Accessory Nerve XI, rotate and elevate the shoulder. (occipital and vertebral bones)

Question 43

What supplies the heart with blood?

Answer 43

Coronary arteries

Question 44

In an emergency how is pulse measured in adults and children?

Answer 44

Adults: Carotid Children: Brachial

Question 45

In a non emergency how is pulse measured in adults and children?

Answer 45

Adults: radial Children: Brachial

Question 46

Where does deoxygenated blood flow from?

Answer 46

Superior and inferior vena cavae, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery (to lungs).

Question 47

Where does oxygenated blood flow from?

Answer 47

pulmonary vein (from lungs), left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, and aorta (to body).

Question 48

Blood flow from the heart to the head?

Answer 48

Aorta, brachiocephalic artery, branching to the common carotid, common carotid, right and left common carotids branch: internal carotid and external carotid.

Question 49

What are the three branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 49

Maxillary: teeth, muscles of mastication, ear. Lingual: tongue and floor of the mouth. Facial: muscles of facial expression, lips, eyelids, soft palate, and throat.

Question 50

What is the pterygoid plexus?

Answer 50

found near the pterygoid muscles, maxillary tuberosity, and sphenoid bone.

Question 51

What structures drain into the plexus?

Answer 51

teeth, muscles of mastication, buccinator, nose, and palate.

Question 52

What is the cavernous sinus>

Answer 52

Contains venous blood located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone, near the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose.

Question 53

What is the Lymphatic system?

Answer 53

Network of tiny channels and nodes. Helps venous circulation return interstitial fluid to the blood stream from the tissues of the body, and plays a key role in our immune system.

Question 54

What do tender/enlarged lymph nodes indicate?

Answer 54

infection and/or malignancy

Question 55

What does the submental nodes drain?

Answer 55

fluid from the mandibular incisors, tip of tongue, midline of lip, chin, and floor of the mouth.

Question 56

What does the submandibular nodes drain?

Answer 56

the submental nodes and remaining teeth, may or may not include 3rd molars.

Question 57

What does the deep cervical nodes drain?

Answer 57

the submandibular, 3rd molars, and the wall of the throat.

Question 58

Whats the site of cellular protein synthesis?

Answer 58

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 59

Responsible for phagocytosis and digestion?

Answer 59

Lysosomes

Question 60

Most structures of the oral cavity develop from two embryonic processes?

Answer 60

Frontal process and 1st branchial arch.

Question 61

Where does the posterior 1/3 tongue and hyoid bone develop from?

Answer 61

The 2nd and 3rd branchial arches

Question 62

When does the development of th face begin?

Answer 62

week 3

Question 63

When is the upper lid complete and what is it formed by?

Answer 63

6-8 weeks, formed by the fusion of the median nasal process and right and left maxillary processes.

Question 64

when does the palate develop and from what?

Answer 64

6-12 weeks, and from the fusion of the globular process with the left and right palatal shelves. It separates the stomeduem into an upper (nasal) and lower (oral) cavity.

Question 65

How do embryonic processes fuse?

Answer 65

Anterior to posterior.

Question 66

When do clefts occur and when do most abnormalities occur?

Answer 66

When processes fail to fuse completely and during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 67

What supplies the tongue?

Answer 67

The lingual artery.

Question 68

What innervates the tongue>

Answer 68

XII (motor nerve muscles, except palatoglossus) V3 (sensory to anterior 2/3) (mandibular division, trigeminal) VII (taste to anterior 2/3) (Chorda tympani) IX (taste, sensory to posterior 1/3)

Question 69

Keratinized papillae, contain no taste buds, most numerous, give tongue velvet appearance, elongation known as "hairy tongue".

Answer 69

Filiform

Question 70

Contain taste buds, fewer, larger, and appear as red bumps.

Answer 70

Fungiform

Question 71

lateral border of tongue, contain taste buds, common site for oral cancer.

Answer 71

Foliate

Question 72

Anterior to the sulcus terminalis, contain taste buds and glands of Von Ebner (minor salivary glands, serous)

Answer 72

Circumvallate

Question 73

What is the V-shaped line separating the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 73

Sulcus Terminalis

Question 74

The site for embryonic origin of the thyroid gland and found at the center or point of the sulcus terminalis.

Answer 74

Foramen Caecum

Question 75

What is the flow of saliva stimulated by>

Answer 75

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 76

Produces 65% saliva, empties under tongue, mixed secretion (mostly serous), parasympathetic innervation by cranial nerve VII.

Answer 76

Submandibular gland/Wharton's duct

Question 77

Located near the angle/body of the mandible, developmental concavity of the mandibular cortical plate, and is associated with the submandibular gland.

Answer 77

Stafne's Duct

Question 78

produces 10% of total saliva, mixed secretion (mostly mucous),parasympathetic innervation by cranial nerve VII, located in floor of mouth near the midline,empties under the tongue

Answer 78

Sublingual Gland/Bartholin's Duct

Question 79

produces 25% saliva, empties opposite the maxillary molars, serous secretion only, located in front of and below the ears, parasympathetic innervation by cranial nerve IX

Answer 79

Parotid Gland/Stenson's duct

Question 80

What opens unto sublingual fold?

Answer 80

Multiple ducts of Rivinus

Question 81

Dental lamina (ectodermal thickening) grows into the underlying mesenchymal (connective) tissue at 20 places to form the primary teeth.

Answer 81

Initiation (bud Stage) starts!

Question 82

Dental papilla arises from the specialized connective tissue and produces pulp and dentin.

Answer 82

Proliferation (Cap Stage) grows!

Question 83

What does the dental sac surround?

Answer 83

The developing tooth, and becomes cementum, the PDL, and alveolar bone.

Question 84

When the enamel organ develops 4 distinct layers known as outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium, and inner enamel epithelium.

Answer 84

Differentiation (Bell stage) specializes!

Question 85

What becomes ameloblasts which produce enamel?

Answer 85

inner enamel epithelium

Question 86

What does the outer enamel epithelium in conjunction with the inner enamel epithelium create?

Answer 86

Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheet (HERS); helps determine outline of the root and dissolves.

Question 87

What does the DEJ develop from?

Answer 87

Basement membrane

Question 88

Whats the process for enamel formation?

Answer 88

Ectoderm/Dental lamina-->Enamel organ-->Inner enamel epithelium-->Ameloblasts-->Enamel

Question 89

When does root formation begin and end?

Answer 89

It begins after the crown is complete and ends 1-4 years after eruption.

Question 90

What are remnants of HERS and have the potential to form cyts?

Answer 90

Rests of Malassez

Question 91

What are remnants of the dental lamina known as?

Answer 91

Rests of Serres

Question 92

What is the oral mucosa composed of and include?

Answer 92

Composed of stratifies squamous epithelial layer and a connective tissue lamina propria, seperated by a basement membrane. iT includes the masticatory, lining and specialized mucosal tissues.

Question 93

What is the masticatory mucosal tissue?

Answer 93

Keratinized and protects the attached gingiva and hard palate.

Question 94

Where does the keratinization of the attached gingiva end?

Answer 94

At the free gingival margin.

Question 95

What is the lining mucosa?

Answer 95

Not keratinized and includes the alveolar, vestibular, and buccal mucosa as well as the floor of the mouth.

Question 96

What does the specialized mucosa refer to?

Answer 96

Papillae of the tongue

Question 97

96% mineralized, hardest tissue of body, produced by ameloblasts from the inner enamel epithelium, lines of retries are incremental lines from mineralization, enamel spindles are ends of odontoblastic processes which cross the DEJ.

Answer 97

Enamel

Question 98

70% mineralized, tubular structure, forms greatest bulk of tooth, produced by odontoblasts from the dental papilla, primary dentin is deposited before completion of the root, secondary dentin develops after the tooth is in occlusion, odontoblastic processes are found in the dentinal tubules,

Answer 98

Dentin

Question 99

1st layer of dentin immediately adjacent to the DEJ.

Answer 99

Mantle dentin

Question 100

Remaining dentin, adjacent to the pulp

Answer 100

Circumpulpal dentin

Question 101

50% mineralized (like bone), found on the root surface, produced by cementoblasts located in the PDL, contains cementocytes in lacunae, thinnest at the cervical portion of the tooth and thickest at the apex, acellular found the CEJ, cellular at the apex, nourished by the periodontal ligament.

Answer 101

Cementum

Question 102

Vital, sensory, responsive portion of the tooth, contains: blood vessels, nerve fibers, fibroblasts, odontoblasts, histiocytes, and pulp stones.

Answer 102

Pulp

Question 103

Suspensatory ligament attaching tooth to alveolar socket, composed of dense collagen and fibroblasts, attached to cementum by Sharpey's fibers, oblique fibers most numerous (resist intrusive and rotational forces)

Answer 103

PDL

Question 104

What premolar most likely to have 2 root?

Answer 104

Maxillary first

Question 105

What tooth has the longest root?

Answer 105

Maxillary canine

Question 106

Cuspid with occasionally bifurcated root (facial-lingual)

Answer 106

Mandibular

Question 107

Tooth which most often fails to develop

Answer 107

3rd molar or maxillary laterals.

Question 108

Non-functional lingual cusp.

Answer 108

mandibular first premolar

Question 109

Premolar which commonly has 3 cusps?

Answer 109

mandibular second

Question 110

Tooth which frequently has a fifth cusp?

Answer 110

mandibular first molar and maxillary first molar (Cusp of Carabelli)

Question 111

Tooth most often affected by microdontia

Answer 111

maxillary lateral incisor

Question 112

Tooth most likely to have a root with 2 canals

Answer 112

mandibular first molar (medial root)

Question 113

Tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries>

Answer 113

Maxillary lateral incisor

Question 114

How does the maxillary first molar oblique ridge run?

Answer 114

from distobuccal cusp to mesiolingual cusp

Question 115

Whats the widest and strongest root?

Answer 115

mesial root of the mandibular first molar

Question 116

Tooth with tendency to have divergent roots?

Answer 116

maxillary first molar

Question 117

Tooth with the most unique anatomy

Answer 117

primary first mandibular molar

Question 118

When do the first deciduous incisors (centrals) erupt?

Answer 118

At about age 6 months.

Question 119

When is the primary dentition generally complete by and begins formation?

Answer 119

It is complete by age 30 months and begins formation as early as 6 weeks in utero.

Question 120

When and what is the first permanent tooth to usually erupt?

Answer 120

about age 6 years and is most often the first molar.

Question 121

How long does the mixed dentition stage generally last?

Answer 121

Through age 12 or 13 with the loss of the last deciduous tooth (maxillary cuspid or mandibular second molar.

Question 122

When does the permanent dentition formation begin?

Answer 122

As early as four months in utero.

Question 123

In the mixed dentition stage, what are the last two teeth to erupt and most likely to lack adequate eruption space and become impacted?

Answer 123

Maxillary cuspid or the mandibular second bicuspid.

Question 124

After the mixed dentition stage, what teeth are likely to be impacted?

Answer 124

Third molars