Community Dental Health Flashcards by Mercedes Whitaker

Dental Practice Vs. Community Dental Health.

EvaluationSurvey
DiagnosisAnalysis
Treatment PlanningProgram Planning
TreatmentProgram Operation
PaymentFinance
EvaluationEvaluation/appraisal

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Focuses on health problems of international status.

World Health Organization.

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Focus on health problems of national population.

Federal.

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Focus on health problems of state populations; consult with local health departments.

State.

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Focus on health problems of local population (county/city).

Local.

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What is epidemiology?

Provides general understanding for critically interpreting new information in literature.

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What is an endemic?

Disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course.

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An unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular time and place.

Epidemic

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What is a pandemic?

Outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent.

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Number of live births

Natality

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Rate of an illness in a population.

Morbidity

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number of deaths in a population.

Mortality

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number of new cases in a population at risk during a particular period of time.

Incidence

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Number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time.

Prevalence

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Incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak.

Attack

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Descriptive Studies

describes an epidemic with respect to person, place, and time. Who, Where, When.

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Aimed at testing hypotheses?

Analytical Studies

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Retrospective Study (case control study)

seeks to compare those diagnosed w/a disease with those who do not have.

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A cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors observed into the future to determine the rate at which the disease develops.

Prospective study.

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Longitudinal study

group is observed over a long period of time.

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Group has the experimental treatment (intervention) withheld; receive a placebo.

Control groups.

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Treatment Groups

group that receives the experimental treatment.

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Researcher remains uninformed and unaware of the identities of treatment and control group members to prevent bias.

Blindness

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Double Blindness

neither the researcher nor the subjects know whois receiving treatment.

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What indices can be reversed?

Gingivitis indices.

What indices are irreversible?

Caries and periodontal indices.

DMFT/DMFS

Decayed, Mising, Filled teeth or Decayed, Missing, Filled Surfaces. Irreversible and involves permanent teeth.

deft

decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth. Irreversible and measures caries in primary teeth.

dft/dfs

decayed filled teeth/decayed, filled, surfaces.

RCI

Root Caries Index. Irreversible. Assess the extent of root caries within the context of individuals at risk for the disease.

Gingival Index. Reversible and based on inflammation and location.

SBI

Sulcular Bleeding Index. Reversible.

PDI

Periodontal Disease Index. Irreversible and Reversible. Measures prevalence and severity of periodontal disease.

Periodontal Index. Irreversible. Developed by Russel. Each tooth scored according to condition of surrounding tissue and does NOT measure attachment loss.

Process by which the planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be. Analyses and understand the target population.

Needs Assessment

Reasons for Needs Assessment.

defines the extent and severity if problem, identifies causes of problem, and collects baseline data.

Ways to collect a needs assessment?

Direct observation, interview, questionaire, survey (best choice for large groups), epidemiological surveys, records, documents, and charts.

Type I Examination Method

Complete exam.

Type II Examination Method

includes mouth mirror, explorer, lighting, and limited radiographs.

Examination using mouth mirror and lighting ONLY.

Type III Examination Method.

Examination with tongue depressor and lighting ONLY.

Type IV Examination Method.

Health insurance for elderly and disabled.

Medicare

Health insurance for the poor.

Medicaid

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. Offers insurance to workers when they no longer work.

COBRA

Block Grants

Lump sum of money given to group to use at their discretion.

Specifies where monies are to be used.

Line item grant.

Formal Delivery

Active; lecture, demonstration, and discussion.

Informal Delivery

Passive; Brochures, pamphlets, etc.

Stages of the Learning Ladder.

Unawareness-learner has incomplete/inaccurate info. Awareness-correct info is obtained but lacks personal meaning. Self-interest-learner personalizes info. Involvement-learner motivated to act. Action-learner tests new concepts. Habit- learner begins to experience gratification and self-satisfaction.

Must be continuous from the beginning of the program.

Evaluation

Summative Evaluation

outcome evaluation; measures impact of program.

Formative Evaluation

Conducted during the program.

Outcome of interest; should change in response to intervention.

Dependent Variable.

The intervention; what is being manipulated.

Independent Variable.

Data Matrix

Arranges data scores from lowest to highest measures utilizing the statistics supplied above.

Measures how often each score occurs.

Frequency of Distribution.

Frequency of distribution is plotted on an x-y graph resulting in a pictorial representation of the data.

Measures of Central Tendency.

When data is plotted using a normal curve, what is all equal?

Mean, median, and Mode.

Most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research and reflects the range within the data matrix.

Standard Deviation; represents the square root of the sample variance.

Positive Skew

When more scores fall in the lower range, the curve will have a positive skew. "Tail" goes to the right.

When more scores fall in the higher range, the curve will have a negative skew. "Tail" goes to the left.

Negative Skew

Validity

Degree that a study measures the variable it is designed to measure.

Reliability

The extent to which the method of measurement performs consistently.

T-test

Statistical hypothesis test used when comparing the statistical difference between TWO mean scores.

P-value

Probability value. Used when testing hypothesis, refers to the probability that a condition would happen by chance, a p-value of greater than 0.05 will negatively affect study results.

Direct association between two variables.

Positive correlation

The score on one scale predicts an opposite score on the other scale.

Negative correlation

Primary Services

Preventative therapies: mechanical plaque removal, dietary restriction of sucrose, and fluoride treatments.

Restore tissues to as normal as possible: Periodontal debridement and restorations.

Secondary Services

Tertiary Services

Replacing lost tissues: Implants, bridges, and dentures.

Community Dental Health Flashcards

(70 cards)