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Ophthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the eyeball sit?

A

In the orbit

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2
Q

What 6 bones make up the orbit?

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
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3
Q

What bone forms the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

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4
Q

What bone forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

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5
Q

What bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic and sphenoid

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6
Q

What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid and lacrimal

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7
Q

What are orbital plates?

A

The part of bone the bones that lines the orbit.

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8
Q

What three features can be found on the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Inferior Orbital FIssure

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9
Q

What feature can be found on the frontal bone?

A

Supraorbital notch

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10
Q

What feature can be found in the maxilla?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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11
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

A

Sensory nerves to the nose and cheeks

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12
Q

What happens in an orbital blow out fracture?

A

Increased pressure forces the eyeball through the thin ethmoid bone.

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for opening the eyes?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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14
Q

What do the levator palpebrae superioris muscles do?

A

Open the eyes

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the levator palpebrae superioris muscles?

A

CNIII

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16
Q

What does CNIII palsy lead to with the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Ptosis- in ability to open eye

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17
Q

What muscle allows us to close our eyes?

A

Orbicularis Oculi (lets you get some shut eye)

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18
Q

What protective features does the eyelid poses?

A

Outer skin
Eyelashes
Inner conjunctiva

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19
Q

Describe the inner conjunctiva

A

Continuous layer from inner eyelid over eyeball for protection

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20
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

Stiff plate in eyelid to maintain shape and secrets lipids to protect eyes.

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21
Q

Where are lacrimal glands located?

A

On the underside of the bone in the superior lateral aspect of the orbit.

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22
Q

What do lacrimal glands do?

A

Secrete tears

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23
Q

Where do tears drain to?

A

Canaliculi in medial aspect of eye then on to nasal cavity.

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24
Q

What does canaliculi mean?

A

Little canal

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25
What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
CNVII- Parasympathetic
26
What are the three layers of the eyeball?
Fibrous outer layer Vascular Uvea Photosensitive retina
27
What is the fibrous outer layer of the eye made up of ?
White sclera and clear cornea
28
What is the vascular uvea middle layer made up of?
Iris Ciliary body Choroid
29
What does the iris do?
Regulate amount of light entering the eye
30
What does the ciliary body do?
Controls iris and lens size/shape | Secretes aqueous humour
31
What occurs at the choroid?
Nutrient and gas exchange. | Appears black due to lots of melanin
32
What occurs at the photosensitive retina?
Detection of light
33
What two segments make up the eyeball?
Anterior segment | Posterior segment
34
What two chambers make up the anterior segment of the eyeball?
Anterior chamber | Posterior chamber
35
What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber?
Cornea and iris
36
What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber?
Iria and ligaments from ciliary body
37
What is contained in the anterior segment of the eyeball?
Aqueous humour
38
What constitutes the posterior segment of the eyeball?
Everything behind the lens
39
What is contained in the posterior segment of the eyeball?
Vitreous fluid which cannot be replaced.
40
Describe the role of aqueous humour?
Nurish cornea
41
Where is aqueous humour reabsorbed?
Scleral venous sinus at iridocorneal angle
42
What happens at the iridocorneal angle?
Aqueous humour is reabsorbed into the scleral venous sinus
43
Describe the blood supply to the orbit?
Common carotid -> Internal carotid -> Ophthalmic artery
44
Where does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?
Through the optic canal with the optic nerve
45
What subdivisions does the opthalmic artery give rise to?
Central artery of the retina Ciliary arteries Ophthalmic then supplies muscles of eye movement.
46
What does the central artery of the retina do?
Supplies the retinal layer
47
What runs with the central artery of the retina?
Central vein of the retina
48
What two veins does the orbit blood flow ultimately drain into?
Facial vein anteriorly | Cavernous sinus posteriorly
49
What feature of the sphenoid bone allows venous drainage into the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
50
What is the fundus of the eye?
Posterior area where light is focused
51
What is the macula?
Area with greatest density of cones therefore best vision here
52
What is the optic disk?
Outflow from eyeball where the nerves run to form CNII. | Gives rise to the blind spot of the eye.
53
What is the fovea?
Centre of the macula where the macula lutea is found
54
What three features of the fundus are important to know?
Macula Fovea Optic disk
55
How many extrinsic muscles of the eye are there?
6
56
What two categories of extrinsic muscles of the eye are there?
Rectus | Oblique
57
How many rectus muscles are there and name them
Superior rectus Inferior rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus
58
How many oblique muscles are there and name them
Superior oblique | Inferior oblique
59
Where do all the extrinsic muscles of the eye insert?
Sclera
60
What do the rectus muscles do?
Move the eye in their direction
61
What movement does the superior oblique muscle do?
Intorsion- Rotate nasally | Down and out (think tramps)
62
What movement does the inferior oblique muscle do?
Up and out
63
What movement do both oblique muscles do?
Out (Oblique goes out)
64
What does the superior oblique muscle pass through?
Trochlea
65
What nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle?
Trochlear (CNIV)
66
What nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle?
Abducens (CNVI)
67
What nerve supplies all extrinsic muscles of the eye bar superior oblique and lateral rectus?
Oculomotor (CNIII)
68
What passes through the superior orbital fissure?
CNIII, IV, V1 and VI | Ophthalmic vein
69
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
Inferior meatus

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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