Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical terminology

Answer 1

Superior (up) / Inferior ( down)

Medial ( towards the center) / Lateral ( towards the outside)

Proximal ( further away )/ Distal (closer)

Anterior ( in front) /Posterior ( back)

Planes

1. Coronal; horizontal, coming through the body
2. Median; middle
3. Parasagital; Ventrical anterior to posterior slice
4. transverse; middle

Question 2

Pericardium: recall the organisation and function of the pericardium

Answer 2

Heart layers ;

1. Endocardium ; in contact with blood ( 1 cell layer)
2. Myocardium ; thick layer of cardiac muscle celss ( thicker on left side)
3. Visceral pericardium; serous tissue layer between myocardium and pericardial space ( pericardium fluid –> void between the layers)
4. Parietal pericardium; external structure and support ( faces the pericardium space)
5. Fibrous pericardium; connective tissue –> helps to hold it into place

Question 3

Cardiac chambers: demonstrate the four chambers of the heart

Heart valves: identify the location and recognise the structural similarities and differences of the heart valves

Answer 3

Question 4

Coronary circulation: summarise the anatomy of the coronary circulation

Answer 4

Begins; coronary vessels arise: just superior the aortic valve –> off the right and left cusp

3 main vessels;

1. Right coronary ( right conus artery ) ( branches out
2. Left anterior descending artery
3. Left circumflex ( circum; arouns)–> goes around

All veins come back to the Coronary sinus in the back of thge heart drains into the bottom of the right atrium

Question 5

Principles of arterial vessel

Answer 5

Question 6

Principal venous vessels: recall the position and relations of the principle venous vessels

Answer 6

1. Tunica externa; made collagen –> provides protection and structure above; exterane lamina
2. Tunica media; smooth muscles bellow; internal elastic lamina
3. Tunica intima; vascular endothelium ( basment supportive matrix)

Artery; circular–> mascular+ high pressure

Arteriole; resistance vessels –> control flow

Capillary; exchanging vessels –> absorption of gas and secretion

Venules

Veins; capacity vessels; contain the majority of blood