Anatomy

Question 1

2 divisions of the autonomic NS

Answer 1

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 2

2 divisions of the PNS

Answer 2

Sensory

Motor

Question 3

2 divisions of the motor division of PNS

Answer 3

Somatic

Autonomic

Question 4

2 main types of cells in the CNS

Answer 4

Neurones

Glial cells

Question 5

Job of neurones

Answer 5

Structural and functional unit

Question 6

What do neurons carry?

Answer 6

Impulses in the form of APs

Question 7

Describe the nucleus of a neuron

Answer 7

Loose chromatin

Prominent nucleus

Question 8

Organelles in a neuron

Answer 8

Mitrochondria
Rough ER
Diffuse Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Type of cytoplasm in a neuronal cell body

Answer 9

Perikaryon

Question 10

Type of cytoplasm in axons

Answer 10

Axoplasm

Question 11

How does a myelin sheath increase conduction speed

Answer 11

By saltatory conduction

Question 12

What is a myelin sheath made up of?

Answer 12

Schwann cells

Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

3 types of neurons

Answer 13

Multipolar
-relay

Bipolar

• olfactory mucosa
• retinal nerve fibres
• motor

Pseudounipolar
-sensory neurone

Question 14

What’re glial cells?

Answer 14

Non excitable supporting cells

Much smaller than neurones

Question 15

What does the blood brain barrier do?

Answer 15

A protective mechanism used to maintain a stable environment by preventing the entry of harmful amino acids and ions in the blood stream from entering the brain

Question 16

What type of endothelium is in the blood brain barrier

Answer 16

Tight junction

Question 17

Where is the blood brain barrier absent?

Answer 17

Parts of the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
(Some of the circumventricular organs)

Question 18

Purpose of the Interventricular foramen?

Answer 18

Connects lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle

Question 19

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

Answer 19

Midbrain

Question 20

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

Answer 20

Hindbrain

Question 21

Shape of the 4th ventricle

Answer 21

Diamond

Question 22

Order of the meninges going from extracranial to intracranial

Answer 22

Dura
Pia
Arachnoid

Question 23

Where is CSF contained?

Answer 23

Subarachnoid space

Question 24

How is CSF formed?

Answer 24

Choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 25

How does CSF get absorbed and where doe sit get absorbed?

Answer 25

Arachnoid villi into saggital sinus (venous channel in brain)

Question 26

Which fibres cross over in the visual pathway

Answer 26

Nasal | Temporal fibres don’t

Question 27

What happens when optic radiation is damaged?

Answer 27

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 28

What happens if the optic chiasma is disrupted?

Answer 28

Bitemporal hemaniopia

Question 29

What’s the primary motor cortex?

Answer 29

The somatopic representation of contralateral side of the body

Question 30

What’s area 44/45?

Answer 30

Broca’s area of motor speech

Question 31

whats the prefrontal cortex’s job?

Answer 31

Cognitive functions of higher order intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 32

What areas are the primary sensory area?

Answer 32

3,2,1

Question 33

What does the primary sensory area do?

Answer 33

Receives general sensation of from contralateral side of the body

Question 34

What’s the superior parietal lobe’s job?

Answer 34

Interpretation of general sensory info and conscious awareness of the contralateral side of the body

Question 35

What’s the job of the inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 35

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association layers In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions

Question 36

What can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?

Answer 36

Hemisensory neglect Right-left agnosia Acalculia Agraphia

Question 37

What are areas 41/42?

Answer 37

Superior temporal gyrus | -primary auditory complex

Question 38

Posterior to 41,42 is what?

Answer 38

Auditory association areas | In the dominant hemisphere it’s crucial for understanding the spoken word

Question 39

What does the inferior surface of the temporal lobe do?

Answer 39

Receives fibres from olfactory tract | Conscious appreciation of smell

Question 40

What’s the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 40

Vision

Question 41

What’s area 17?

Answer 41

Primary visual complex - medial surface of the occipital lobe - either side of the calcine sulcus

Question 42

What’s the limbic lobe involved in?

Answer 42

Memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

Question 43

What’s aphasia?

Answer 43

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas of the brain

Question 44

What’re the 3 types of white matter bundled together in myelinated tracts?

Answer 44

Comisural fibres Association fibres Projection fibres

Question 45

What do commisural fibres do?

Answer 45

Connect corresponding areas of the 2 hemispheres

Question 46

What do association fibres do?

Answer 46

Connect one part of the cortex with another

Question 47

What’re the basal ganglia made up of?

Answer 47

Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus

Question 48

What’s the lentiform nucleus made up of?

Answer 48

Putamen laterally | Globus pallidus medially