Anatomy Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the elbow also known as?
Cubital fossa
What is the knee also known as?
Popliteal fossa
What lies below the dermis layer of the skin?
What is it mainly composed of?
What can be found within it?
Superficial fascia/subcutaneous tissue
Loose connective tissue and fat
Superfical blood vessels (most important)
Lymphatics
Sweat glands
What is the name of the dense connective tissue which appears white and glistening on dissection?
What is its role?
Deep fascia
Divide limbs into compartments
Look at onenote and name the deep fascia in the upper limbs
Pectoral
Deltoid
Brachial
Antebrachial
Look at onenote and name the deep fascia in the lower limbs
Fascia lata
Iliotibial tract
Crural fascia
What is the intramuscular septa found in limbs?
What is it’s clincally importance?
Thickened sheet of Deep fascia which has invested (extends internally to surround deep structures) muscles
Form fascial compartments within the limbs
Help contain spread of tumours
Spread so tightly around the muscles -> prevent overcontraction -> act as muscle pump for venous return
Describe the pathway of arterial supply of upper limb
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial -> deep brachial
(brachial bifurcates into..)
Radial
Ulna
Deep and superficial palmar arches
Metacarpal and digital arteries (4 digital per digit)
Describe the pathway of arterial supply of lower limb
External iliac artery
Femoral artery -> deep femoral artery -> perforators
Popliteal artery
(politeal artery bifuractes into)
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery (direct from anterior tibial artery)
Medial and lateral plantar arerties (branches of posterior tibial arteries)
Arcuate artery and deep plantar arch
Metatarsal and digital arteries (end arteries - NO collateral blood supply)
How do superficial veins drain into deep veins?
Pierce the deep fascia
Where are deep veins found?
Deep to the deep fascia
Veins are always found in the same pattern. True or false?
False
Superficial in paticular are v unique and can be used to identify individuals
(deep follow more of the same pattern)
Name the 2 main superficial veins in the upper limb, where are they found?
Where do they arise?
Where do you they drain into to?
Cephalic vein -
lateral aspect of limb
- axiallary vein
Basillic vein
- medial aspect of limb
- brachial vein
Both arise from dorsal venous NETWORK
Where is the connection between the cephalic and basilic vein made?
What is it called?
What is its clinical significance?
Cubital fossa
Median cubital vein
Venipuncture
20% of people don’t have median cubital vein if they have a median vein of forearm as it then goes on to bifurcate into cephalic and basilic
How can the superficial vein variate in the cubital fossa?
Median basilic vein
Median cephalic vein
~20% median vein of forearm
What are the 2 main superficial veins in the lower limb?
Where do they arise from?
Where do they drain into?
Great saphenous vein
- drains into femoral vein via femoral triangle (just distal to inguinal ligament)
- medial aspect of limb
Medial leg , anterior to medial malleolus
four fingers medial to medial aspect of patella
Small saphenous vein
- posterior midline of leg
- drains into popliteal vein
Both arise from dorsal venous ARCH
Name the upper limb deep veins from most distal to most proximal
Superfical and deep palmar venous arches
Ulnar and radial veins
Brachial vein
Axiallary vein
Subclavian
Internal jugular
Brachiocephalic vein
SVC
Name the deep veins of the lower limb from most distal to most proximal
Plantar arch
Posterior and anterior tibial vein and fibular vein
Popliteal vein
Deep femoral and femoral vein
External iliac vein
Common iliac vein
IVC
What are the veins found between superficial and deep veins?
Do they contain valves?
Perforating veins
Yes
What causes varicose veins?
Incompetent valves allow for reverse flow into superficial veins
Become weak and dilated = varicose veins
What are accompanying veins?
How do they aid venous return?
Veins found around a deep artery
Veins use the pulsation of the artery to increase venous return
Lymphatic drainage generally follows arteries or veins?
Veins
Where does superficial lymph following cephalic and basilic veins drain into?
Where do the deep veins of upper limb drain to?
Cephalic -> apical axillary nodes
Basilic -> cubital -> lateral axillary nodes
Lateral axillary nodes
Where do axillary lymph nodes drain to?
Subclavian lymphatics
