Anatomy Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is TA?
A
Transverse abdominals
2
Q
What is the adductor?
A
Inner thighs
3
Q
What is the abductor?
A
Outer hips/thighs
4
Q
What the paraspinals?
A
Muscles going up and down the spine
5
Q
What is the scapular?
A
Shoulder blades
6
Q
What is the primary curve?
A
Includes thoracic and sacral kyphotic curvatures
7
Q
What is the secondary curve?
A
The cervical and lumbar curves
8
Q
Do the primary or secondary curves develop as a baby?
A
Both do!
9
Q
What part of the spine helps with stability, weight bearing?
A
Anterior disc joints - to absorb shock and bear weight
10
Q
What part of the spine helps with flexibility?
A
Movement occurs at the facet joints - the posterior, allows movement via articulation (bones move on each other)
11
Q
How many vertebrae make up the cervical spine?
A
7; C1-C7
12
Q
Where is the cervical spine located?
A
The skull and goes to the base of the neck
13
Q
How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine?
A
12; T1-T12
14
Q
Where is the thoracic spine located?
A
The upper back
15
Q
How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine?
A
5; L1-L5
16
Q
Where is the lumbar spine located?
A
The lower back
17
Q
How many vertebrae make up the sacrum?
A
5; S1-S5
18
Q
Which area(s) of the spine are fused?
A
Sacrum and Coccyx
19
Q
Where is the sacrum located?
A
Base of the lumbar and connected to the pelvis
20
Q
How may vertebrae does the coccyx have?
A
3-4
21
Q
How many vertebrae make up the entire spine?
A
32-34
22
Q
Breakfast at 7
Lunch at 12
Dinner at 5
Happy Hour 3-4
A
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx
23
Q
What type of movements are okay for someone with a slipped disc?
A
Extension work; lateral flexion; neutral spine
24
Q
What type of movements are not okay for someone with a slipped disc?
A
No flexion or rotation
25
Why is the Multifidus important?
It determines lumbar stability; it's also a component of the inner unit/core/cage
26
What are synovial joints?
Keeps joints, healthy, lubricated and juicy
27
Which nerve starts at the neck, goes across the shoulder, forearm, elbow, pinky and ring finger?
Ulnar
28
Where does the Radial nerve hit?
Wrist (carpal tunnel), thumb and index finger
29
Which nerve hits the middle finger?
Median
30
Where does the Sciatic nerve run?
Lumbar and sacral, stems from hips, into butt cheek, down the leg, into toes
31
Which is the largest nerve?
Sciatic
32
What strengthening and stretching should you do for Sciatic nerve issues?
Gluten strengthening/periformis stretching - hips may not be aligned
33
What do the anterior neck muscles include?
Longus colli, scaleness and superficial sternocleidomastoid
34
What is the largest and most important neck muscle?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
35
Where are the posterior neck muscles located?
Upper back and back of neck
36
Where are the overly active neck muscles?
Base of skull
37
What are the three stretches to help neck muscles?
1. Pull skin from muscle starting at the base of earlobe
2. Bend ear to one shoulder - with opposite hand, reach fingers toward floor
3. Bend ear to one shoulder, with same side hand, gently pull earl to shoulder
38
When the shoulder blades are anchored down, what is it called?
Scapular Anchors
39
What do the Serratus Anterior help the shoulder blades do?
Anchor
40
What are they Serratus Anterior?
Armpit muscles
41
What is scapular depression?
Actively pressing down - clients should actively pull shoulders down
42
What two parts of the body are designed to be super flexible and stable?
Shoulders and spine
43
What percentage of the shoulder is muscle?
90%
44
What is the clavicle?
Collarbone
45
What is the scapula?
Shoulder blade
46
What is the humerus?
Bone of the arm
47
Name the 4 muscles of the scapula
Serratus anterior, pectorals minor, rhomboids, trapezius
48
What can the thumbs/hands show us in regards to the shoulders?
Forward shoulders=internal arm rotation=shoulder issues
49
During supine work, what should I client do with their palms if their shoulder is internally rotated?
Place palms up
50
What does good shoulder flexion create?
Thoracic extension
51
What is anterior flexion (arm)?
Up
52
What is posterior flexion (arm)?
Back
53
What is lateral abduction (arm)?
Out
54
What is medial adduction (arm)?
Across the body
55
What is rotation (arm)?
Rotation of arm holding it at shoulder height
56
Where are the extensors located in relation to the hand and wrist?
Inside of wrist
57
Where are the flexors located in relation to the hand and wrist?
Outside of wrist
58
What are the three movements of the wrist?
Flexion, extension and ab/adduction
59
What are the phalanges?
Fingers
60
What are joints?
Where bone meets bone
61
Name three types of joints
Ball and socket, hinge, saddle
62
What do joints contain?
Synovial fluid to lubricate joints, motion
63
What is cartilage and what does it do?
Cushion between bones; helps create shock absorption
64
What is the joint capsule?
Surrounds joints with fluids
65
What are ligaments?
They attach bone to bone
66
What are tendons/
They attach muscles to bone
67
What affect does strengthening muscles have on bones?
Bones can be moved by strengthening muscles
68
What are they type I muscles fibers?
Slow twitch/local - slow tempo, low resistance and endurance. (Long distance runners, swimmers, cyclists)
69
What are the type II muscles fibers?
Fast twitch/global - fast tempo, high resistance. (Sprinters, power lifting)
70
What is the median/sagittal plane?
Body is divided symmetrically into right and left halves
71
What is the frontal/cornal plane?
Body is divided symmetrically into front and back halves
72
What is the transverse/horizontal plane/
Body is divided symmetrically into upper and lower halves (Saw, spine twist)
73
What is flexion?
Movement in sagittal pane that decreases joint angle and brings two bones closer together
74
What is extension?
Opposite of flexion; movement increasing the angle of the distance between two bones or body parts
75
What is abduction?
Movement of a limb in (in frontal plane) away from the midline of the body (spreading of fingers and toes too!)
76
What is adduction?
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
77
What is rotation?
Movement around a longitudinal axis (usually ball and socket joint and cervical spine)
78
What is circumduciton?
Como of flexion, extension, ab/adduction - usually ball and socket joint
79
What is pronation?
Palm of hand is moved down from an upward position
80
What is supination?
Palm of hand faced upward
81
What does prone mean?
Face down
82
What does Supine mean?
Face up
83
What is medial?
Close to median plane
84
What is lateral?
Further from median plane
85
What is posterior?
Facing toward or located in the back
86
What is anterior?
Facing toward or located in the front
87
What is proximal?
Closer to the trunk, or some major joint
88
What is distal?
Further from the trunk, or some major joint
89
What is superior?
Facing toward or located at the top (closet to the head)
90
What is inferior?
Facing toward or located at the bottom
91
What is inversion?
Turning the sole of the foot so it faces medially
92
What is eversion?
Turning the foot so it faces laterally
93
What is dorsiflexion?
Decreases angle between the instep of the foot and the the shin
94
What is plantar flexion?
Increased angle between dorsal of the foot and the shin
95
What is the kinetic chain?
Biomechanics of the body and to the end of the chain; body as a chain of alignment from head to toe
96
What is open chain?
If the end of the chain (hands or feet) are left free to move
97
What is closed chain?
If the hands or feet are met with resistance (weight machine)
98
What does locked long mean?
Weak
99
What does locked short mean?
Tight
100
Can functional or structural be fixed?
Functional can be fixed, structural (example, scoliosis) cannot.
101
What part of the body receives weight from the upper body?
The pelvis
102
How does the pelvis pass the weight from the upper body to the lower limbs?
Through the femurs
103
What acts as a stabilizer and base for the spine?
The pelvis
104
What does the pelvis absorb from the lower limbs when walking, run-in or jumping?
Stress
105
What is pelvic stability?
The ability to hold pelvis in a neutral position against work
106
Neutral pelvis = ?
Neutral spine
107
What kind of candy is the pelvis like and why?
A life saver - it can shatter and break
108
What are 4 exercises that can strengthen the pelvis?
1. Bridging
2. Kegel
3. Balancing
4. Scooter
109
What the 3 muscle pairs of the hips/pelvis
1. Flexors/Extensors
2. Abductors/Adductors
3. Internal/External Rotators
110
Where are the flexors and extensors of the hip/pelvis?
Flexors - front
| Extensors - back
111
Where are the abductors/adductors of the hips/pelvis?
Abductors - out
| Adductors - in towards midline
112
Where are the internal and external rotators of the hips/pelvis?
Internal - turn in
| External - turn out
113
Bow legged means tight what? And weak what?
Tight: glutes, outer thighs
Weak: inner thighs
114
Knock kneed means tight what? And weak what?
Tight: inner thighs
Weak: glutes and outer thighs
115
What should the knee be in line with for alignment and tracking?
Knee in line with hip, ankle in line with knee
116
What part of the body should you look at first to assess your client?
The feet
117
What part of the body should be strengthened if you have knee problems?
The quads, VMO
118
What is the knee joint dependent on?
Mechanics of the foot and muscles of the hip and pelvis
119
What movements does the knee perform?
Extension and flexion
120
When the knee is flexed what does is allow?
Gliding and rotation
121
When the knee is extended, what happens to the femur?
Rotates slightly medially on the tibia, pulling the ligaments that and stabilizing the joint
