Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

J Renal > ANATOMY (+ a lil bit of embryo and histo shiz) > Flashcards

ANATOMY (+ a lil bit of embryo and histo shiz) Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how much urine does the kidney produce each day

A

1.5 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

size of kidneys

A

10x5x3cm

size of clenched fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are the kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

A

retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which part of the kidneys is in contact with the peritoneum

A

anterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the layers between the anterior kidney and the peritoneum (starting from the kidney) (5)

A 
renal capsule 
Perinephric fat 
renal/deep fascia 
PARAnephric fat 
visceral peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what back muscle is directly posterior to the kidneys

A

quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what back muscle is behind the kidneys but is slightly medial (beside the vertebrae)

A

psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is the abdominal aorta to the left or the right of the IVC

A

left (patients left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which vein is shorter, the R or L renal vein

A

R renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which artery is shorter, the R or L renal artery

A

L renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the L renal vein is longer, what drains into it that doesnt happen on the R

A

L gonadal vein drains into the L renal vein then IVC

R gonadal vein drains into IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vertebral level of R kidney

vertebral level of R kidney hilum

is it higher or lower than the L kidney

A

L1-L3

L2

lower than the L kidney bc the R has the liver on top of it = pushes it down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vertebral level of L kidney

vertebral level of L kidney hilum

is it higher or lower than the R kidney

A

T12-L2

L1 (bc its the left one (L1!!!!))

higher than the R kidney bc the R kidney has the liver on top of it = pushes it down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the recess between the right kidney and the liver called

A

hepatorenal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which ribs protect (and have potential to bruise) the kidneys

A

ribs 11 and 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in the renal hilum, are veins or arteries in front

A

veins!!!

must know this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which cant you see from an anterior view; renal arteries or renal veins

A

renal arteries (they are behind the renal veins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

does a supra renal AAA include the renal arteries

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

does a infra renal AAA include the renal arteries

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many branches of the renal artery are there

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does lymph from the R kidney drain

A

lumbar lymph nodes on the IVC (bc its closer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does lymph from the L kidney drain

A

lumbar lymph nodes on the abdominal aorta (bc its closer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anatomical variation

what is it called when the renal pelvis splits in 2

A

bifid renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is the ureter in relation to the renal artery and renal vein

A

behind the renal artery (which is behind the renal vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the renal capsule made of
dense collagen fibres
26
what is the 'peak' of the pyramids in the renal medulla called
papillae
27
how many nephrons do we have in total
1 million
28
what are the 2 types of nephron called % of both
``` cortical nephron (80%) juxtameduallry nephron (20%) ```
29
what length is the loop of henle in cortical nephrons compared to juxtameduallry nephrons what is the blood supply to the loop of henle
shorter peritubular capillaries
30
what length is the loop of henle in juxtameduallry nephrons compared to cortical nephrons what is the blood supply to the loop of henle
longer = go further into medulla = produce more conc urine vasa rectae
31
what is the blood supply into the glomerulus
afferent arteriole | travels Away from artery
32
what is the blood supply leaving the glomerulus (gives rise to vasa rectae OR peritubular capillaries)
efferent arteriole
33
what is the capsule around the glomerulus called
bowmans capsule
34
what are the 2 poles of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and bowmans capsule)
vascular pole | urinary pole
35
what is the region between the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus it came from called
juxtaglomerular apparatus
36
what are the 'salt sensor' cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus called where are they
macula densa cells distal convoluted tubule
37
in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, what do the juxtamedullary/granular cells do where are they
secrete renin for RAAS afferent arteriole
38
where are the mesangial (lacis) cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
between the macula densa cells (distal convoluted tubule) and juxtaglomerular cells (afferent arteriole)
39
route of urine after nephron (11)
``` renal papillae (apex of medullary pyramid) minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter ureteric orifices in trigone of bladder internal urethral orifice internal urethral sphincter (in males) urethra external urethral sphincter external urethral orifice ```
40
on xray, what are the ureters in line with
transverse processes of spine
41
points of constriction of ureters (3)
``` pelviureteric junction (between renal pelvis and ureter) crossing of common iliac artery bifurcation (into internal and external) ureteric orifice (opening into bladder trigone) ```
42
where are the ureters in relation to uterine tubes and uterine artery in women
inferior (deep?) 'water under the bridge'
43
what is it called when you have 2 ureters on 1 side, but they join to become one before the bladder
bifid ureter
44
what is it called when you have 2 separate ureters (dont join) on 1 side
duplicated ureter
45
when the bladder fills with urine, which direction does it expand
superiorly
46
is the bladder in the peritoneum
no
47
which surface of the bladder is covered in peritoneum
superior
48
pouch between the rectum and the uterus in women
rectouterine pouch (of douglas)
49
pouch between the bladder and the uterus in females
uterovesical pouch
50
pouch between the bladder and the rectum in males
rectovesical pouch
51
what is the muscle in the bladder what is its nerve supply
detrusor muscle S2-S4
52
3 points that make the triangle of trigone in the bladder
2 ureteric orifices superiorly | 1 internal urethral orifice inferiorly
53
where is the base of the bladder what is in it
posterior 2 ureteric orifices
54
where does lymph from the bladder drain to (1)
sacral nodes
55
where does lymph from the ureters drain to (2)
lumbar or iliac nodes
56
blood supply to bladder
vesical arteries
57
what type of epithelium is in the proximal urethra
transitional epithelium
58
what type of epithelium is in the distal urethra
stratified squamous epithelium
59
name of urethra after its passed through the prostate
prostatic urethra
60
name of urethra when its passing through the corpus spongiosum (penis)
spongy urethra
61
purpose of internal urethral sphincter (in males only)
prevent semen entering bladder during ejaculation
62
internal sphincter (in males) nerve supply
parasympathetics and sympathetics (for contraction eg ejaculation)
63
external sphincter (in females and males) nerve supply
S2-4 somatic motor
64
which levels do the sympathetic nerves to the renal system come from
T10-L2
65
which splanchnic nerve group do they sympathetics form T10-L2 to the renal system leave in where do they synapse
abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves abdominal sympathetic ganglia
66
parasympathetic supply to the kidneys and ureters
CN X
67
parasympathetic supply to detrusor muscle (+ hence internal urethral sphincter in males) what does it cause
S2-S4 relaxation of internal urethral sphincter (in males) = can pee
68
what is the general rule for the somatic sensory innervation of the renal system above the bladder (and including the top of the bladder that is touching the perineum) what do they travel alongside
T11-L2 (kidneys are T11-L1) travel alongside sympathetics
69
what is the general rule for the somatic sensory innervation of the things below the bladder (including the parts of the bladder that dont touch the perineum) what do they travel alongside
S2-S4 (testes are T10-T11 and travel alongside sympathetics) travel alongside parasympathetics
70
where does somatic sensory pain from testes go to
T10-T11 from embryological origin
71
presentation of kidney pain
loin
72
presentation of ureter pain
loin to groin
73
presentation of bladder pain
dully achy suprapubic
74
presentation of proximal urethra pain
suprapubic
75
presentation of distal urethra pain
sharp pain in perineum
76
presentation of scrotal pain (2)
suprapubic (dermatome bc its T10-T11) and probs scrotum too bc of close proximity
77
which nerve from the lumbosacral plexus emerges through the psoas major then travels through it
genitofemoral nerve L1-L2
78
which BIG nerve (there are others) from the lumbosacral plexus travels lateral to the psoas major
femoral nerve L2-L4
79
which nerve from the lumbosacral plexus travels medial to the psoas major (the rest travel through it/lateral to it)
obturator nerve L2-L4
80
what does the femoral nerve L2-L4 supply
anterior thigh
81
what does the obturator nerve L2-L4 supply
medial thigh
82
what does the sciatic nerve L4-S3 supply via its 2 branches (4)
posterior thigh sole of foot anterior leg lateral leg
83
which spinal cord region is required in micturition (urination) via which 3 nerves
S2-S4 visceral afferents S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic nerves for parasympathetics (relaxation of sphincter in males) pudendal nerve
84
what happens to the brain during potty training
central inhibition of micturition reflex
85
what happens when the kidney grows without a ureteric bud
agenesis (no kidney growth)
86
where do the kidneys originate embryologically
pelvis then ascend up
87
in a horseshoe kidney (only 1 kidney), the inferior poles meet and fuse before ascent and get stuck under the ...
inferior mesenteric artery
88
why might kidneys be in the pelvis
failure to ascend (embyrologically are in the pelvis)
89
what is the name for the hindgut endoderm that supplies the primitive urogenital sinus (bladder, pelvic urethra, definitive urogenital sinus)
cloaca
90
what type of cells are in between the arterioles in the glomerulus
mesangial cells
91
which cells are external to basement glomerular membrane and internal to the bowmans space
podocytes
92
histology what is in the proximal convoluted tubule that isnt in the distal convoluted tubule how does the luminal margin look bc of this
microvilli fuzzy/less defined brush border
93
what does the distal convoluted tubule look like on histology compared to proximal one
straight border (proximal is fuzzy/less defined brush border)
94
what are the 2 main types of epithelium in the nephron (dont bother learning specifics)
simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium
95
what type of epithelium is in the things after the nephron eg minor calyx, major calyx, ureter etc etc
transitional epithelium
96
which cell is associated with transitional epithelium
umbrella cells (look like umbrellas)
97
what type of epithelium is in the bladder
transitional epithelium
98
what type of epithelium is in the urethras (proximal and distal)
proximal - transitional | distal - stratified squamous, stratified columnar (up the top in men)

J Renal (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions