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Anatomy And Function Of The Digestive Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive tracts? 4

A
  1. Transport of food stuff
  2. Breakdown of food stuff
  3. Absorption of sugars, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and water
  4. Excretion of waste
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2
Q

What can the digestive tract also be called?

A

The gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Describe what the GI tract essentially is

A

It’s a long muscular tube

Organs empty secretions into the tract at various points

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4
Q

Name the 6 major subdivisions of the digestive tracts

A
  1. Oral cavity, teeth and tongue
  2. Pharynx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
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5
Q

Name the 4 accessory subdivisions of the digestive tract

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Liver
  3. Gall bladder
  4. Pancreas
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6
Q

What is the function of the Ora cavity in digestion

A

Mechanical processing
Moistening
Mixing with salivary secretions

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx in digestion

A

Muscular propulsion of materials into the oesophagus

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8
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus in digestion

A

Transport of materials into the stomach

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9
Q

What is the function of the stomach in digestion

A

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes

Mechanical processing through muscular contraction

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10
Q

What is the function of the small intestine in digestion

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substances, vitamins and ions

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11
Q

What is the function of the large intestine in digestion

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substances, vitamins and ions

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12
Q

What is e function of the salivary glands in digestion

A

Secretes lubricating fluids containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates

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13
Q

What is the function of the liver in digestion

A

Secretes bile

Stores nutrients

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14
Q

What is bile an essential element for?

A

Lipid digestion

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15
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder in digestion

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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16
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion

A

Exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes

Endocrine cells secrete hormones

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17
Q

List the parts of the GI tube from most to least proximal

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. Large intestine
  6. Rectum
  7. Anus
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18
Q

Name the three glands found in the oral cavity

A
  1. Parotid gland
  2. Submandibular gland
  3. Sublingual gland
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19
Q

Where does the parotid gland sit?

A

Gland lies in front of the ear

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20
Q

Where does the submandibular gland sit?

A

Deep in the mouth below the mandible

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21
Q

Where does the sublingual gland sit?

A

Located under the tongue

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22
Q

What clues can the oral cavity give to suggest a person may have a GI/ systemic disease

A
  1. Decay
  2. Ulceration
  3. Abscesses
  4. Soften teeth / erosion
  5. Discolouration of teeth
  6. Oral thrush
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23
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

It is a muscular tube which connects the mouth to the stomach

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24
Q

What is the oesophagus made up of?

A

Smooth muscle

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25
What does smooth muscle do in the oesophagus?
Smooth muscle contracts to move the bolus of food along the oesophagus towards the stomach
26
Where does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
At T10
27
Describe the stomach
It is a muscular J shaped bag | It connects the oesophagus to the small intestine
28
Describe the Inner surface of the stomach
Has muscular folds called Rague
29
What are muscular folds in the stomach called?
Rugae
30
What are the man in functions of the stomach?
1. Mechanical digestion (churning and turning the food from solid to liquid) 2. Chemical digestion (enzyme secretion) 3. Acid secretion and antibacterial action
31
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine
1. Duodenum (proximal) 2. Jejunum (middle) 3. Ilium (distal)
32
How is the small intestine attached to the body wall?
By mesentery
33
Describe the Duodenum
It is the first part of the small intestine | It receives secretions from the pancreas as well as bile from the gall bladder to aid digestion
34
Where does the duodenum receive secretion from?
The pancreas and bile from the gall bladder
35
Describe the jejunum
It is the second part of the small intestine
36
Describe the ileum
It is the third and final part of the small intestine
37
Describe the inner surface of the small intestine
It is highly folded with villi
38
What is the large intestine sometimes referred to as?
The colon
39
What does the large intestine connect
The small intestine to the rectum
40
Name the parts of the small intestine from most to least proximal
1. Caecum 2. Ascending colon 3. Transverse colon 4. Descending colon 5. Sigmoid colon
41
What are the 4 sections of the pancreas
1. Head 2. Neck 3. Body 4. Tail
42
What does the pancreas do?
Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion | Secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control
43
Name the parts the 4 lobes that make up the liver
1. Right 2. Left 3. Quadrate 4. Caudate
44
What are the functions of the liver
1. Bile production 2. Detox of alcohol and drugs 3. Albumin production 4. Clotting factors 5. Storage of glycogen
45
What does albumin do?
It is the main protein that makes up blood plasma
46
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Stores and secretes bile in to the duodenum | Emulsifies fats
47
What makes up the portal triad
1. Bile Duct 2. Hepatic Artery Proper 3. Hepatic Portal Vein
48
What are the peritoneum?
Membraned of the abdomino-pelvic cavity
49
Name the two types of peritoneum
1. Visceral peritoneum | 2. Parietal peritoneum
50
What does the Visceral peritoneum cover?
It covers the sternal surfaces of most digestive organs
51
What does the partial peritoneum cover?
Lies the inner body walls
52
What is the peritoneal cavity?
The potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum
53
What does the peritoneal fluid do?
Helps with lubrication in the cavity
54
What do 2 layers of visceral peritoneum form?
They come together to form a mesentery
55
What does a mesentery do?
It attaches an organ to the posterior abdominal wall and measured the organ can be mobilised
56
An organ attached to a mesentery is describes as being what?
The organ is intraperitoneal
57
What happens if the visceral peritoneum runs over the organ?
Th organ will be anchored to he posterior abdominal wall and be considered retroperitoneal
58
Name the two types of Omentum
1. Greater Omentum | 2. Lesser Omentum
59
Where does the greater Omentum hang?
Hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach, covering thug tract
60
What is the greater Omentum?
It is a large fold visceral peritoneum
61
What does the greater Omentumdo?
It provides protection to the GI tract
62
Where is the lesser Omentum found?
It connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Year 2 (20 decks)

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