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Anatomy and imaging head and neck Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 1st cranial nerve?

A

The olfactory nerve

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2
Q

How does cranial 1 enter the skull?

A

Through the cribriform plate and ethmoid bone

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3
Q

What is the 2nd cranial nerve?

A

The optic nerve

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4
Q

What is the 3rd cranial nerve?

A

Occulomotor nerve

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5
Q

What is the deep origin of occulotor nerve?

A

Motor nucleus: supply extraocular muscles
Parasympathetic nucleus: edinger westphal nucleus (ciliary ganglion)`

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6
Q

How does the 3rd cranial nerve exit the brain?

A

From the anterior surface of the idbrain in the interpeduncular fossa

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7
Q

What is the 4th cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear nerve

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8
Q

What is the deep origin of cranial 4?

A

FRom the trochlear motor nucleus in the lower part of the midbrain (superior oblique muscle)

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9
Q

What is the superficial attachment and exit from brain of cranial 4 nerve?

A

The nerve appears on the back of midbrain (the right nerve comes from the left nucleus and vice versa)

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10
Q

What is the cranial nerve 6?

A

Abducent nerve

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11
Q

What is the origin of cranial 6>

A

Abducent motor nucleus in the pons (lateral rectus muscle)

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12
Q

What is the superficial attachment ad exit from brain?

A

At the lower border of pons near the midline

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13
Q

What is the 5th nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Where does nerve 5 arise from?

A

Lateral aspect of pons by 2 roots (sensory and motor roots)

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15
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve and where do they exit from?

A

1.Opthalamic division exit through superior orbital fissure
2.Maxillary division exit through foramen rotundum
3.Mandibular division exit through foramen oval

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16
Q

What is the 7th cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

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17
Q

What type of nerve is the facial nerve?

A

mixed (motor, sensory and parasympathetic)

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18
Q

What is the origin of the facial nerve?

A

Emerges at lower end of pons (pontocerebellar junction)

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19
Q

What does the facial nerve exit through?

A

Stylomastoid foramen from the skull

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20
Q

What is the origin of the facial nerve?(cranial nerve nuclei)

A

1.Motor: facial motor nucleus in the pons
2.Parasympathetic: Superior salivary nucleus in the pons
3.Special sensory= taste: Nucleus solitarius in the medulla

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21
Q

What are the intracranial branches of facial nerve?

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius

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22
Q

What are the extracranial branches of facial nerve?

A

Nerve to posterior belly of digrastic & stylohyoid
Posterior auricular
Branches within the parotid gland

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23
Q

Where does hypoglossal nerve exit from?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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24
Q

Where do cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 exit from?

A

Jugular foramen

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25
what is the type of nerve of nerve IX?
Motor, sensory, parasympathetic
26
What is the motor origin of the cranial nerve IX?
Nc ambiguus
27
What is the other origin of the cranial nerve IX?
Taste sensation posterior 1/3 of tongue: Solitary nucleus Parasympathetic to parotid: Inferior salivary nucleus
28
What are the sensory branches of cranial nerve IX?
Tonsillar Lingual Pharyngeal Carotid
29
What type of nerve is cranial nerve X?
Mixed
30
What is the origin of cranial nerve X?
Motor : Nucleus ambiguus Parasympathetic: Dorsal nucleus of vagus Sensory nucleus: Nucleus solitarius
31
What are the branches of the vagus nerve?
Meningeal branch Auricular branch Two cardiac branches (Motor) pharyngeal branch Laryngeal branch
32
What does the pharyngeal branch of cranial nerve X innervate?
Supplies all muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus (9th) and all muscles of the soft palate except tensor palati (5th)
33
What is the course of the Recurrent laryngeal branch?
The right RL hooking around the subclavian artery The left RL hooking around the arch of aorta
34
What are the clinical symptoms of Blow out?
Diplopia Infra orbital nerve parasthesia Enophthalmos Enophthalmos Edema Ecchymosis
35
What are the layers of eyelid?
1.Skin devoid of fat 2.Muscle: Orbicularis occuli and levator palpebrae superioris 3.Fibrous tarsal plate 4.Conjunctiva
36
What is the function of the tarsal plate?
Stiffen the eyelid
37
What is the tarsal plate formed off?
Fibrous tissue
38
How is the tarsal plate connected to the orbital margin?
By the orbital septum Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments connect the tarsal plates to the sides of the orbit
39
What are the types of palperal gland infection?
Stye: inflammation of the eyelid associated with a small collection of pus Chalazion: Small, painless, lump or swelling that appears on your eyelid by a blocked meibomian or oil gland
40
What structures pass through the orbital canal?
Optic nerve, opthalmic artery
41
What structures pass superior to orbital fissure?
Live Free To See No Insult At all Lacrimal, Frontal, Trochlear, Superior division of occulomotor, Nasociliary, Inferior division of occulomotor, Abducent
42
Which bones are affected in an orbital blow out fracture?
Zygomatic and maxillary
43
What happens in an orbital blow out?
A rapid increase in intraorbital pressure resulting in a blowout fracture of the thin orbital floor. In severe comminuted fractures of the orbital floor the orital soft tissues may herniate into the underlying maxillary paranasal sinus
44
What is the conjunctiva?
A continuation of the epithelium of the coreathat lines the deep surface of the eyelid and exposed part of the eye.
45
WHat are the reflections of the conjunctiva?
The superior and inferior fornix
46
What is the pathway that a tear takes?
Exits through the opening of the lcrimal canaliculi called lacrimal punctum into the lacrimal canaliculi and than into the lacrimal sac and goes down through the nasolacrimal duct
47
What caues dry eye?
Injury of facial nerve at brainstem (cerebelloponine angle)
48
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
Lacrimal nerve V1
49
What is the pathway of the lacrimal nerve V1?
Lacrimatory nucleus in brainstem to facial nerve to greater petrosal nerve relaying athe pterygopalatine ganglia into the zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve v2 to the lacrimal nerve
50
What is the insertion and origin of the extrinsic muscles?
Origin: Tedinous ring and bones of the orbit Insertion: The sclera
51
Where does the LPS go from to?
Froom: roof of orbit To: Upper eye lid
52
What is the action of the Levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevates upper eye lid
53
What is the origin of recti?
Tendineous ring of zinn
54
What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye?
4 rectus Superior rectus Lateral rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus 2 Oblique Superior oblique Inferior oblique
55
What is the origin of the 4 recti?
Common tendinous ring
56
What is the insertion of the recti?
Sclera
57
What is the origin of the superior oblique?
Roof of the orbit --> pulley (trochlea)
58
What is the insertion of the superior oblique?
Eye ball behind the equator
59
What is the origin of the inferior oblique?
Floor of the oribit (medial)
60
What is the insertion of the inferior oblique?
Eye ball behind the equator (lateral)
61
What direction does the eyeball look when using the inferior oblique?
laterally upwards
62
What direction does the eyeball look when using the superior oblique?
Laterally and downwards
63
What direction does the eyeball look when using the lateral rectus?
look laterally
64
What direction does the eyeball look when using the medial rectus?
look medially
65
What direction does the eyeball look when using the superior rectus?
Look medially upward
66
What direction does the eyeball look when using the inferior rectus?
Look medially downwards
67
What is the action of uperior and inferior Recti?
Adduction plus elevation and depression
68
What is the action of the superior and inferior obliques?
Actions opposite of their name (SO= depress, IO=elevate) Abduction
69
What is the action of the superior oblique and rectus?
Intorsion
70
What is the action of the inferior oblique and rectus?
Extorsion
71
Which muscles move the eye from side to side?
Medial & lateral recti
72
What are the intraoccular muscles and what are their innervations?
1.Constrictor pupillae (Parasympathetic) 2.Dilator pupillae (sympathetic) 3.Ciliary (parasympathetic)
73
What do the sympathetic fibers supply ?
The smooth part of the levator palpebrae superioris, so LPS has double nerve supply
74
What are the occulomotor superior divisions?
Superior rectus and levator palpebrae
75
What are the occulomotor inferior division?
Medial rectus, inferior rectus and infrior oblique
76
Which nerves innervate most of the muscles?
Cranial nerve III Occulomotor
77
Which nerve innervates superior oblique muscles?
Cranial nerve IV (trochlear)
78
Which nerve supplies the laterl rectus ?
Cranial nerve VI (Abducent)
79
What are the sensory nerves of the orbit?
optic Trigeminal opthalmic: Lacrimal Frontal Nasociliary
80
What is the motor nerves of the orbit?
Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Abducent VI
81
What is the course of the optic nerve?
Axons of nerve cells of retina Pierce sclera 3 mm medial to posterior pole Backward & medially --> optic canal--> middle cranial fossa --> optic chiasma
82
where does the inner ear lie?
In the petrous temporal bone between the medial ear and the bottom of the internal auditory meatus
83
What is the inner ear formed off?
1.bony labyrinth 2.Membranous labyrinth

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