Anatomy And Kinesiology

Question 0

What is kinesiology?

Answer 0

The study of human movement.

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The framework and structure of the body.

Question 2

Number of bones in the human body?

Answer 2

206

Question 3

What do bones need in order to be healthy?

Answer 3

1. An appropriate amount of weight-bearing activity

2. Adequate amount of nutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D.

Question 4

What happens when bones don’t get what they need?

Answer 4

They can become thin and weaken.

Question 5

What are ligaments?

Answer 5

Fibrous tissue that connect bone to bone. They provide stability to the joints.

Question 6

Describe the composition of ligaments:

Answer 6

They are non-elastic but flexible enough to allow movement.

If overstretched, they will not return to original length.

Question 7

What are tendons?

Answer 7

The dense, fibrous end of the muscle that connect muscle to bone.

Question 8

What are joints?

Answer 8

The point where two or more bones meet and movement occurs.

Question 9

The function of cartilage:

Answer 9

Found in moveable joints. They help minimize friction between bony surfaces.

Question 10

Composition of cartilage:

Answer 10

Slippery and smooth.

Maintained by synovial fluid.

Question 11

What is the best way to keep joints and cartilage healthy?

Answer 11

To stay active and avoid prolonged immobility which decreases the flow of fluid to the joint and can lead to degenerative changes.

Question 12

List the three types of muscle tissue:

Answer 12

1. Cardiac (involuntary)
2. Smooth (involuntary)
3. Skeletal (voluntary)

Question 13

Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?

Answer 13

The heart

Question 14

Where is smooth muscle tissue found?

Answer 14

The digestive system (responsible for peristalsis)

The walls of blood vessels (vasodilation, vasoconstriction)

Question 15

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 15

Striated, or band-like in appearance.

Question 16

What are the 2 main categories of muscle fibers?

Answer 16

Slow and fast twitch.

Question 17

What are slow twitch fibers?

Answer 17

The oxidative or endurance fibers known as type 1 which can contract without fatigue.

Question 18

In which muscle fibers is aerobic metabolism most likely to take place?

Answer 18

Slow twitch fibers. These muscles are used during aerobic type, sub-maximal, prolonged activities.

Question 19

When do we use fast twitch muscles?

Answer 19

During primarily anaerobic activities especially those involving short, high intensity bursts and sprints.

Question 20

True or False. The fiber composition of our muscles is mostly genetically determined.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

True or False. If you have more slow twitch fibers, you will gravitate towards stop and start types of sports.

Answer 21

False. Slow twitch fibers are aerobic in nature.

Question 22

True or False. If you have more fast twitch fibers, you will gravitate towards activities like marathons.

Answer 22

False. Fast twitch fibers tend to be more anaerobic in nature, so stop and start activities would be more natural.

Question 23

True or False. Fiber composition can vary from muscle to muscle within our bodies.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Define isometric muscle action:

Answer 24

A held muscle action in which there is no change in the joint angle.

Question 25

Define isotonic muscle action:

Answer 25

The opposite of isometric. This action has joint movement.

Question 26

What are the two phases in isotonic movement?

Answer 26

Concentric and eccentric.

Question 27

What is the concentric phase in muscle movement?

Answer 27

When the muscle shortens. The muscle "crunches up".

Question 28

What is the eccentric phase in muscle movement?

Answer 28

When the muscle lengthens. The muscle "elongates".

Question 29

Define prime mover

Answer 29

The muscle responsible for the movement that is occurring. Also called the agonist.

Question 30

Define antagonist

Answer 30

The muscle opposing the prime mover. It relaxes to allow the prime mover to do its job

Question 31

List the roles muscles play in movement:

Answer 31

1. Agonist (prime mover) 2. Antagonist 3. Assistor 4. Stabilizer

Question 32

What is a lever?

Answer 32

A rigid rod that moves around a fulcrum or pivot point.

Question 33

What are the levers in the human body?

Answer 33

The bones

Question 34

What are the pivot points (fulcrums) in the human body?

Answer 34

The joints

Question 35

List the three primary planes of movement:

Answer 35

1. Frontal 2. Horizontal 3. Sagittal

Question 36

What is the transverse abdominus responsible for?

Answer 36

1. Abdominal compression 2. Vigorous exhalation and expulsion 3. Core Stabilization

Question 37

What muscle opposes the abdominals?

Answer 37

The erector spinae