Anatomy and Oral Structures Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
portion of skull that encloses the brain; 8 bones
A
cranium
2
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two fan shaped bone one each side of skull in temporal area above ear
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temporal bone
3
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two bones, one on each side that make up the roof and side walls covering the brain
A
parietal bone
4
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a single bone in the frontal or anterior region that makes up the forehead
A
frontal bone
5
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a spongy bone located between the eye orbits that helps form the roof and part of the anterior nasal fossa of the skull
A
ethmoid bone
6
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a large bat-shaped bone at the base of the skull between the occipital and ethmoid in front, and the parietal and temporal bones at each side
A
sphenoid bone
7
Q
two facial bones, one under each eye, that form the cheekbone and give character to the face (malar bones)
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zygomatic bone
8
Q
two large facia bones, one under each eye, that unite in the center in the median suture to form the upper jaw that supports the maxillary teeth in the alveolar process
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maxilla bones
9
Q
two bones, one left and right, that unite at the median palatine suture to form hard palate of mouth and nasal floor
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palatine bone
10
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two bones, one left and one right, that unite at the median palatine suture to form the hard palate of mouth and the nasal floor
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nasal bone
11
Q
two small bones, one each on the inner side or nose site of the orbital cavity, that make up the corner of the eye where the tear ducts are located
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lacrimal bone
12
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two thin scroll-like bones that form the lower part of the interior of the nasal cavity
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inferior concha bones
13
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strong, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw
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mandible bones
14
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a single bone that forms the lower posterior part of the naval septum and separates the nose into two chambers
A
vomer bone
15
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the largest of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the ear mallet, the largest of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the ear mallet
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malleus bones
16
Q
one of the three ossicles of the middle ear; commonly called the anvil
A
incus bones
17
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one of the three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the stirrup
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stapes bones
18
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an air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms the air intake, and helps form sounds.
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sinus
19
Q
larger accessory sinus, located in the frontal bone or the forehead
above each eye.
A
frontal sinus
20
Q
multiple, smaller sinuses located in the ethmoid bone, at the side of each eye
A
ethmoid sinus
21
Q
multiple, small sinuses located in the sphenoid bone situated behind the eyes.
A
sphenoid sinus
22
Q
located in the maxilla; the ______ is the largest and is called the atrium of Highmore; this cavity is easily seen and is used as a landmark for identifying radiographs in the mounting of films.
A
maxillary sinus
23
Q
a line where two or more bones unite in an immovable joint. Several main ____ are located in the cranium
A
suture
24
Q
junction of the frontal and the parietal bones; this area
is soft at birth and shortly afterward, and it has been called the baby’s “softspot” or fontanel
A
coronal suture
25
the union line between the two parietal bones on the top of the skull.
sagittal suture
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located between the parietal bone and the upper border of the occipital bone.
lambdoid suture
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located between the temporal and parietal bones; also known as the squamous suture
temporoparietal suture
28
projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue
process
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in the center of the mandible, forms the chin, and is called the mental or chin protuberance
symphysis
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bone growth or border of the maxilla and the mandible; makes up and forms the tooth sockets
alveolar process
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posterior growth on the ramus of the mandible; articulates with the temporal bone in the temporomandibular
condyloid process
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anterior growth on the ramus of the mandible that serves as the attachment position for the temporalis muscle.
coronoid process
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the projection of maxilla meeting with the frontal bone to form the eye orbit
frontal process
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growth process from the zygomatic bone that articulates with the maxilla to form the lower side of the eye orbit.
infraorbital process
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growth on the temporal bone behind the ear that is used for muscle attachment.
mastoid process
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growth of the sphenoid bone extending downward from the bone; the most inferior end of the process is known as the ______ hamulus, a hook-like end that serves as a site for muscle attachment
pterygoid process
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small, pointed growth from the lower border of the temporal bone; serves as a bone position for attachment of some tongue muscles.
styloid process
38
an opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage, anesthesia locations
foramen
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a large opening in the temporal bone used for the passage of auditory nerves and vessels.
external auditory meatus
40
opening in the occipital bone for spinal cord passage; largest of all foramina.
magnum foramen
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located on the lingual side of the ramus of the mandible; permits nerve and vessels passage to teeth and mouth tissues.
mandibular foramen
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opening situated on left and the right anterior areas of the mandible; used for passage of nerve and vessels.
mental foramen
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small opening in the center of the mental spine for nerve passage to the incisor area.
lingual foramen
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opening in the maxilla behind the central incisors on the midline.
incisive foramen
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an opening in the frontal bone above the eye orbit.
supraorbital foramen
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an opening in the maxilla under the eye orbit
infraorbital foramen
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anterior and posterior openings in the hard palate.
palatine foramen
48
an opening in the zygomatic bone.
zygomaticofacial foramen
49
fibrous membrane covering all bones
periosteum
50
when periosteum has a mucous surface
mucoperiosteum
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mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the lips and the cheeks
lining mucosa
52
elastic type of mucous membrane that undergoes stress and pull; located around the alveolar area of the teeth and lines the hard palate.
masticatory mucosa
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smoother mucous tissue found on the dorsal side of the tongue.
specialized mucosa
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ascending part of the mandible that arises from the curved, lower arch
ramus
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area along the lower edge of the mandible where the upward curve of the mandible forms
angle of the mandible
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S-shaped curvature between the condyle and coronoid processes; upper border of the mandible; also called the mandibular notch.
sigmoid notch
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bony ridge on the lingual surface of the mandible.
mylohyoid ridge
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slanted, bony growth ridge on the facial side of the mandible.
oblique line
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space located to the rear of the mandibular molars.
retromolar area
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center of mandible (chin); also known as mental protuberance (projection).
symphysis
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comes together as a joint
articulates
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a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone
condyle
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hallow, vertically elongate concavity that receives the head of the humerus.
mandibular fossa
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forms the anterior boundary of fossa and helps maintain the maindible in position
articular eminence
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cushions and lubricates joint that works in a hinge-action movement
meniscus
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chewing
mastication
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fan shaped muscle on each side of skull, elevates and lowers the jaw and can draw the mandible backwards
temporal muscle
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muscle that closes the mouth (principle mastication muscle
masseter muscle
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muscle that raises the mandible to close the jaw
internal pterygoid muscle
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muscle that opens the jaw and thrusts the mandible forward; assists with lateral movement
external pterygoid muscle
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kissing muscle; circular muscle surrounding the mouth that compacts and protrudes the lips
orbicularis oris muscle
72
principal cheek muscle, compresses the cheek, expelling air through lips
buccinator muscle
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muscle of the chin (mental) that moves the chin tissue and raises/lowers the lower lip
mentalis muscle
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fifth cranial nerve, motor and sensory
trigeminal nerve
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trigeminal nerve branches at ____
Gasserian ganglion
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smallest of division, sensory nerve with three branches
ophthalmic division
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carries sensation from the lacrimal grand and eye conjunctiva, opthalmic division
lacrimal branch
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carries sensation from the forehead, upper eyelid, scalp and nasal root, opthalmic division
frontal branch
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carries sensation from the nose, eye and eyebrow, ophthalmic division
nasociliary branch
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sensory division of trigeminal nerve, several branches
maxillary division
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sensation from hard palate. periosteum, mucous membrane of molars/premolar teeth, maxillary division
anterior palatine branch
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carries sensation from the soft palate (uvula), upper or soft part of palate, maxillary division
middle palatine branch
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carries sensation from the tonsils and the soft palate, maxil;ary division
posterior palatine branch
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carries sensation from nose and anterior area of palate, maxillary division
nasopalatine branch
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anterior superior alveolar branchcarries sensation from the maxillary centrals, laterals and canines, infraorbital branch
anterior superior alveolar branch
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carries sensation from the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, infraorbital branch
middle superior alveolar branch
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carries sensation from the maxillary second and third molar, and the remaining roots of the maxillary first molar, infraorbital branch
posterior superior alveolar branch
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mixed nerve division that registers sensation and causes movement
mandibular division
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carries sensation from the mandibular teeth and mucosa of the mouth floor and some tongue areas, mandibular division
inferior alveolar branch
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carries sensation from skin of chin and the lower lip, mandibular division
mental branch
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carries sensation from the anterior teeth and alveoli, chin and lip areas, mandibular division
incisive branch
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carries sensation from the buccal gingiva and mucosa of the molar region, mandibular division
buccal branch
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carries some sensation from the tongue and causes some movement of the tongue and mastication muscles, thereby the classification of the trigeminal nerve is mixed, mandibular division
lingual branch
94
rises from the aorta right and left, divides in the neck to form two arteries
carotid artery
95
carotid artery that provides blood supply to brain and eyes
internal carotid artery
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carotid artery that provides blood to the throat, face, mouth, tongue and ears through branches
external carotid artery
97
provides blood to the maxillary anterior teeth and surrounding tissues, external carotid branch
infraorbital branch
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provides blood to the maxillary teeth, periodontal ligaments, muscles, sinus and palate, external carotid branch
inferior alveolar branch (lower alveolar process)
99
divides into branches to serve the tongue, tonsil, soft palate, throat and floor of the mouth, external carotid branch
facial branch
100
largest of the branches of the external carotid; provides blood to the maxillary teeth, periodontal ligaments, muscles, sinus and palate.
maxillary branch
101
carries blood from the head to the heart through two divisions
jugular vein
102
collects and drains blood from the brain, cranium, face and neck.
internal jugular vein
103
collects and drains blood through assorted branches
external jugular vein
104
carries blood from the face structures and mouth area, external jugular branch
facial division branch
105
carries blood from the maxillary region, external jugular branch
maxillary division branch
106
collects the blood supply from head, nasal cavity, teeth, palate and muscles, external jugular branch
pterygoid venus plexus branch
107
spit
expectorate
108
watery fluid in expectorate
serum
109
sticky slime secretion that forms mucus in expectorate
muscin
110
body produced proteins that digest food
enzymes
111
largest salivary gland, located near the ear, produces serus saliva that empties into mouth near maxillary second molar
parotid salivary gland
112
parotid salivary gland empties here
Stenson's duct
113
a smaller gland located on the lower side of the the face that secretes mucin and serum fluids with enzymes; empties through the submandibular duct
submandibular salivary gland
114
small fleshy growths that contains submandibular duct openings
caruncles
115
smallest major salivary gland, situated in floor of mouth, secretes mucin through multiple ducts
sublingual salivary gland
116
vessels that transports lymph fluid of plasma, water and waste products
lymph
117
tiny vessels or tubes that carry lymph fluid
lymph capillaries
118
a mass of lymph cells forming a unit of lymphatic tissue that is named after the formation site
lymph node
119
lymph nodes located under the armpit
axillary lymph node
120
lymph nodes located in the neck
cervical lymph node
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lymph nodes found in the groin area near the abdomen
inguinal lymph nodes
122
lymphatic tissue masses found in the posterior of the throat between the anterior and posterior fauces and on the back of the tongue. Act as filters and aid in the production of immune responses
tonsil
123
lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx area, pharyngeal tonsil
adenoid
124
lips
labia
125
upper lip
superior oris
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lower lip
inferium oris
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area at the corner of the mouth where the lips meet
labial commissure
128
area where the pink-red lip tissue meets facial skin
vermillion border
129
median groove in the center external surface of the upper lip
philtrum
130
triangular piece of tissue that attaches the tongue, lip and check to the oral membrane
frenum
131
two tissues that attaches the inside of the lip to mucous membrane in the anterior to oral cavity common site for surgical frenectomy to permit closure of the two central incisors gap caused by ______ that is too large of thick
labial frenum
132
one tissue that attaches to the lower side of the tongue to the floor membrane. Openings for the Wharton's duct are found on each side of this frenum are found in caruncles.
lingual frenum
133
conditions that results from shortened lingual frenum, "tongue-tied"
ankyloglossia
134
attaches the inside of the cheek to the oral cavity in the maxillary first molar area
buccal frenum
135
tongue
glossa
136
swallowing
deglutition
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a groove that divides the tongue's top surface into two parts
median sulcus
138
taste bud
papillae
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back surface
dorsal surface
140
largest v-shaped papillae (taste bud), tastes bitter
circumvallate
141
smallest, hair-like papillae covering entire dorsal aspect of tongue that doesnt sense taste
filiform
142
small, dark red papillae on the middle and anterior dorsal surface and along side of tongue, sense sweet, sour and salty tastes
fungiform
143
present on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue, can be seen if the tongue is grasped with gauze and extended, senses sour tastes
foliate
144
roof of mouth
palate
145
composed of palatine processes of the maxillae bones; covered with mucous membrane
hard palate
146
irregular folds or bumps on the surface
rugae
147
tissue growth that is situated at the anterior portion of the palate behind the maxillary centrals, site for infiltration injection of local anesthesia
incisive papilla
148
white streak in the middle of palate, "ridge"
palatine raphe
149
tissue structure hanging from the palate in the posterior of the oral cavity
uvula
150
open gum and tissue area between the teeth and the cheek
vestibule
151
constructed opening or passage leading from the mouth to the oral pharynx, bound by the soft palate, the base of tongue, and the palatine arches. considered two pillars of mucous membranes
fauces
152
anterior pillars (tongue and palate areas)
glossopalatine arch
153
posterior pillars, palatine tonsils lay between these pillars, pharynx and palate areas
pharyngopalatine fauces
