Anatomy And Phyiology

Question 1

What does the medulla stimulate

Answer 1

Mobilization of lipid and glucose stores

Question 2

What contributes to the fight or flight response

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

Medulla can regulate

Answer 3

Cardiovascular function

Question 4

Glucocorticoids

Answer 4

Stress hormone

Question 5

What does the catabolic hormone enhance

Answer 5

Glycogenesis, lypolisis, protolysis

Question 6

Gonadocrticiods

Answer 6

Androgens and estrogen

Question 7

What does the thyroid hormone stimulate

Answer 7

Metabolic rate

Question 8

What does the thyroid hormone do

Answer 8

Heat production, fetal growth, and decreases response to exercise

Question 9

What is produced by obesity

Answer 9

Proinflammatory

Question 10

Adipose tissue

Answer 10

Biggest endocrine gland, storage of triglycerides, secretes leptin

Question 11

Mastication

Answer 11

Particle reduction, first step in digestion

Question 12

Salivary Amylase

Answer 12

Begins starch digestion

Question 13

Salivary lipase

Answer 13

Begins lipid digestion

Question 14

What is saliva used as

Answer 14

Stomach buffer

Question 15

Swallowing

Answer 15

Second step in digestion, transport, bolts formation

Question 16

Stomach activity

Answer 16

Third step in digestion, controls release into duodenum, begins protein digestion, gastrin and HCL is secreted

Question 17

Stomach

Answer 17

A reservoir, 2-3 gallon capacity, is 7-8% of digestive tract.

Question 18

What is the name of the valve that controls stomach contents to SI

Answer 18

Pyloric Valve

Question 19

When is HCL secreted

Answer 19

Continuously but more following meals

Question 20

Stomach acid activates

Answer 20

Pepsin

Question 21

Pepsinogen is deactivated

Answer 21

Pepsin

Question 22

Where do ulcers form

Answer 22

Upper portion of stomach

Question 23

How are ulcers formed

Answer 23

Performance horses on scheduled meals

Question 24

What controls food passage

Answer 24

Stomach acid

Question 25

Small instance activity

Answer 25

Fourth steps of digestion, vast digestion occurs

Question 26

What nutrients does duodenum absorb

Answer 26

Amino acids, monosaccharides, fat

Question 27

What nutrients does jejunum absorb

Answer 27

Simple sugars, fats, amino acids, vitamins, minerals

Question 28

Duodenum

Answer 28

secretion of enzymes

Question 29

Jejunum

Answer 29

Major site of absorption

Question 30

What nutrients does Ileum absorb

Answer 30

Vitamin B12 and water

Question 31

Ileum

Answer 31

Contracts forcing materials into cecum

Question 32

Large intestine activity

Answer 32

Produces VFAs from fermented nutrients

Question 33

What is the most important nutrient absorbed in large intestine

Answer 33

Water and electrolytes

Question 34

Where is the cecum located

Answer 34

Beginning of large intestine

Question 35

In hindgut fermenters

Answer 35

Bacteria ferments fiber and roughages to provide energy

Question 36

Microflora

Answer 36

Adept at manufacturing vitamins, involved in immune response, require 40-50 gallons of water in GI tract

Question 37

How long do horses graze

Answer 37

16-18 hours/day

Question 38

How is forage placed between incisors

Answer 38

Lips

Question 39

How do horses drink

Answer 39

Tongue and lip form a funnel

Question 40

What stimulates salivation

Answer 40

Food/feed

Question 41

Younger moves material to

Answer 41

Cheek teeth for grinding

Question 42

How may movements are required for hay diets

Answer 42

40,000

Question 43

Chewing

Answer 43

Incisors shear grass, rear teeth grind side to side, teeth erupt 1/8 inch/year

Question 44

What are the three layers of teeth

Answer 44

Denline, Enamel, cement

Question 45

What is denline

Answer 45

Center of tooth

Question 46

What is enamel

Answer 46

Cover tooth crown

Question 47

What is cement

Answer 47

Covers tooth crown

Question 48

What is the difference between chewing hay and grain

Answer 48

Hay 3,000 before swallowing, grain 800 before swallowing

Question 49

How much saliva is mixed as a buffer

Answer 49

35-40 liters

Question 50

What is chyme

Answer 50

Food mixed with saliva

Question 51

How many pairs of glands secrete saliva

Answer 51

3

Question 52

What are the two sets of teeth

Answer 52

Deciduous (milk) and Permanent

Question 53

Deciduous teeth

Answer 53

Milk teeth, smaller and whiter, first set

Question 54

Permanent teeth

Answer 54

Middle pair at 2.5, all in place by 5/6

Question 55

Signs dentistry is needed

Answer 55

Poor feed grinding, head tilt when eating, quidding, personality change, loss of weight, poor coat, choke, colic

Question 56

Pharynx

Answer 56

Funnel shaped rear of mouth, role in both digestion tract and respiratory tract

Question 57

Epiglottis

Answer 57

More upward to cover trecha entrance to prevent food inhalation

Question 58

Esophagus

Answer 58

3-4 feet long, dorsal to trecha, choke is associated with a problem

Question 59

Fore gut components

Answer 59

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 60

Hind gut components

Answer 60

Cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum, anus

Question 61

Hormones secreted from pancreas

Answer 61

Insulin, glucagon, somatotropin

Question 62

Enzymes secreted into duodenum

Answer 62

Trypsin and chymotrypsin - protein, amylase - starch and dextrin, lipase - triglycerides/fatty acids, carboxypeptidase - peptides/ glycerol, amino acids.

Question 63

Hind gut activity

Answer 63

Water absorption, energy from fermented fiber, synthesis of vit. k and b complexes, utilization of undigested proteins

Question 64

Where do impaction colic happen

Answer 64

Pelvic flexure

Question 65

Small colon function

Answer 65

Recovery of water

Question 66

Where can sand and enteroliths accumulate

Answer 66

Junction of right dorsal colon and small colon

Question 67

What is protein from fiber broken down into

Answer 67

Amino acids

Question 68

Fiber breaks down to

Answer 68

VFAs

Question 69

VFAs are absorbed and converted to

Answer 69

Glucose

Question 70

Where is phosphorus absorbed

Answer 70

The colon