Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Endocrine Glands
A
- produces hormones
- hormones enter blood stream directly
2
Q
Exocrine Glands
A
- does not produce hormones
- produces substance that goes onto a body surface
3
Q
What 4 types of hormones does the hypothalamus release?
A
- releasing hormones
- inhibiting hormones
- ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- Oxytocin
4
Q
Anterior Pituitary Gland
7 hormones
A
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Prolactin
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Melanocyte
5
Q
Posterior Pituitary Gland
2 hormones released
A
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin
6
Q
Growth Hormone
A
- growth of the body
- insulin regulation
- regulation of metabolism
7
Q
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
A
- thyroid gland growth
- thyroid hormone release
8
Q
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
A
- Female: stimulates follicles of ovaries
- Male: stimulates testis for sperm production
9
Q
Luteinizing Hormone
A
- causes follicle to rupture and expel the egg from the ovary
- starts the production of progesterone
10
Q
Prolactin
A
- stimulates the production of milk in mammary tissue
11
Q
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ACTH
A
- adrenal glands
- signal to adrenal glands to produce hormones
12
Q
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
MSH
A
- cells that contain dark pigment
- irideophores: color changing cells in reptiles
13
Q
Pineal Gland
What does it do?
What does it produce?
A
- responds to light
- sleep/wake cycle
- produciton of melatonin
- production of serotonin
14
Q
Thyroid Gland
What does it control?
A
- body heat
- body energy
- heart rate
- parts of the nervous system
15
Q
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
A
- Thyroixine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
16
Q
Parathyroid Gland
Chief Cells
Parafollicular Cells
A
- Chief Cells: produce parathyroid hormone to keep Ca levels from getting low
- Parafollicular Cells: produces calcitonin to prevent calcium levels from getting high
17
Q
Hypercalcemia
What could it indicate?
A
- osteoporosis
- low vitamin D
- lymphoma
- pituitary gland tumors
- anal sac tumors
18
Q
Pancreas
Functions
A
- digestive functions (99%)
- endocrine function (1-2%)
19
Q
Cells of the Pancreas
Make up the Islets of Langerhans (4)
A
- alpha
- beta
- delta
- f- cells
20
Q
Alpha Cells
Pancreas
A
- produces glucagon
- glucagon maintains blood glucose levels
21
Q
Beta Cells
Pancreas
A
- produces insulin
22
Q
Delta Cells
Pancreas
A
- produces somatostatin
- tells alpha and beta cells to stop producing their hormones
23
Q
F Cells
Pancreas
A
- somatostatin inhibitor
- stops somatostatin production of the delta cells
24
Q
Adrenal Gland Structures
A
- Adrenal Cortex
- Adrenal Medulla
25
Adrenal Gland Hormones
| Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
- Z. Glomerulosa: mineralcorticoids and aldosterone
- Z. Fasciculata: glucocorticoids, cortisol, hydrocortisone
- Z. Reticularis: androgen: estrogen and testosterone
26
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
1. epinephrine
2. norepinephrine
27
Adrenal Gland Diseases
- Cushings
- Adisons
28
Cushings
- overproduction of steriods in the body
- can cause hyperpigmentation and lateal hair loss
29
Adisons
- not enough steriods are being produced in the body
- rapid, sudden onset
- stops eating, not urinating
- potassium levels are too high
30
Thymus Gland
| located caudal to thyoid
produces T-lymphocytes or T-cells
31
Prostoglandins
| PG-E
PG-F2-alpha
- PG-E: helps stimulate inflammatory process
- PG-F2-alpha: given to cattle to sync estrus cycles by lowering progesterone
