Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Funstions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

• Support-keep us upright and hold the rest of the body
• Protection- protect body’s organs from external forces
• Movement- provides anchor points for muscles to pull against and work as lever to allow certain movements
• Structural Shape- gives us general shape
• Mineral Storage- stores several minerals including calcium and phosphorus
• Blood cell production- inner marrow of long bones and ribs produces red and white blood cells

Question 2

Characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 2

• a tough joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane surrounds the joint
• ligaments joining bones strengthen joint to prevent unnecessary movements and dislocations
• synovial membrane produces synovial fluid jubricating the joint and reducing friction
• bags of synovial fluid known as bursae surround joint to reduce friction from tendon movement

Question 3

elbow joint

• joint type
• bones
• movements possible + agonist and antagonist

Answer 3

• hinge joint
• humerus, ulna, radius
• flexion: biceps-agonist/ triceps-anatgonist
• extension: triceps-agonist/ biceps-anatgonist

Question 4

knee joint

• joint type
• bones
• movements possible + agonist and antagonist

Answer 4

• hinge joint
• femur, tibia
• flexion: hamstring groups-agonist/ quadriceps-anatgonist
• extension: quadriceps-agonist/ hamstrings-anatgonist

there is a layer of tough rubbery cartiallge between femur and tibia acting as a shock absorber called meniscus

Question 5

Ankle joint

• joint type
• bones
• movements possible + agonist and antagonist

Answer 5

• hinge joint
• fibula, tibia, talus
• plantar flexion: gastrocnemius-agonist/ tibialis anterior-anatgonist
• dorsiflexion: tibialis anterior-agonist/ gastrocnemius-anatgonist