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MCG 4151 > anatomy and physiology 2.0 > Flashcards

anatomy and physiology 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral column functions

A

transfer weight of the head, neck and truck to lower limbs
provide safe corridor for spinal nerves

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2
Q

vertebral column bones

A

26 irregular bones
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx

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3
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal, lateral curvature and twisting of the vertebral column

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4
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive posterior curvature of thoracic

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5
Q

lordosis

A

excessive anterior curvature of lumbar region

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6
Q

intervertebral discs

A

disk consists of fibrocartilage structure
healthy disc is analogous to inflated tire
the inner gel is nucleous pulposus

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7
Q

nucleous pulposus

A

gives disk resiliency and acts as a shock absorber

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8
Q

thoracic cage

A

Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum (Breastbone)
Ribs and their costal cartilages

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9
Q

thoracic cage functions

A
  • Protects vital organs of thoracic cavity
  • Supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs
  • Provides attachment sites for many muscles
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10
Q

true ribs

A

1-7 attach directly to sternum by individual costal cartilages

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11
Q

false ribs

A

8-12
pairs 8-10 attached indirectly to sternum
pairs 11-12 floating, no attachment to sternum

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12
Q

pectoral girdle bones

A

clavicle
scapula

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13
Q

shoulder joint

A

loose ball and socket & shallow
great ROM
great flexibility
frequent vulnerable dislocation

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14
Q

humerus

A

biggest bone in arm

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15
Q

radius

A

medial bone in forearm

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16
Q

ulna

A

medial bone in forearm

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17
Q

hand bones

A

8 carpal bones proximal to wrist
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges

18
Q

pelvis girdle functions

A

attach the lower limbs to axial skeleton with strong ligaments
transmit weight of upper body to lower limbs
support pelvic organs

19
Q

female vs male pelvis

A

female:
bones are thinner/smoother/lighter
tilted forward, broad cavity
acetabula is smaller
bigger pubic arc
male:
heavier bones
larger acetabular
more acute pubic arch
titlted less forward, narrow and deep pelvis

20
Q

acetabulum

A

lateral surface of hip bone
articulates with femur
when unloaded it has a smaller diameter than femoral head
viscoelastically deforms when joint is loaded

21
Q

lateral bow of femur

A

facilitates weight bearing and balancing

22
Q

where does the femur curve

A

longitudinal axis

23
Q

femoral head

A

thick articular cartilage on medial center
thin articular cartilage on the periphery of head

24
Q

femoral neck angle

A

joins shaft at 125 degrees

25
Q

coxa vara

A

smaller angle than 125

26
Q

coxa valga

A

greater angle than 125

27
Q

hip joint

A

synovial ball and socket
pad of fibrous cartilage over the articular cartilage of acetabulum

28
Q

ligaments of hip joint

A

4 extracapsular
1 intracapsular

29
Q

patella functions

A

protect knee joint
reinforcements to quadricep tendon
transmit tensile force of the quads muscle and tendon to the patellar ligament
increase lever arm of the knee extension mechanism

30
Q

where is the site of muscle attachment in the calf?

A

fibula

31
Q

joints of the knee

A

femoropatellar joint (gliding during knee flexion)
lateral and medical tibiofemoral joints (allows flexion, extension and some rotation when knee is partly flexed)

32
Q

menisci

A

fibrous cartilage pads medial and lateral
act as cushions

33
Q

4 extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

tibial collateral ligament
fibular collateral ligament
2 superficial popliteal ligaments

34
Q

2 intracapsular ligaments

A

ACL
PCL

35
Q

Patellar ligament

A

provides support to the anterior surface of the knee joint attaches to quad tendon on superior of the patella

36
Q

talus transfers most of the weight from the tibia to the

A

calcaneus

37
Q

foot consists of

A

tarsals - metatarsals - phalanges

38
Q

arches of the foot

A

lateral longitudinal
medial longitudinal
transverse

39
Q

tibiotalar joint

A

hinge joint formed by tibia, talus, fibula

40
Q

primary weight bearing surface

A

distal surface of the tibia and trochlea of the talus

41
Q

functioning of the tibiotalar depends on the medial and lateral stability of …

A

proximal tibiofibular joint
distal tibiofibular joint

MCG 4151 (11 decks)

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