Anatomy And Physiology Of Clinical Research Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy And Physiology Of Clinical Research Deck (35)
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1
Q

Protocol

A

The written plan of the study

2
Q

Research Question

A

Is the objective of the study; the uncertainty the investigator wants to solve

3
Q

Define: FINER

A

Feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant

4
Q

Background and significance

A

The section of a protocol that sets the proposed study in context and gives its rationale

5
Q

Observational Study

A

Observing the events taking place in the study subjects

6
Q

Clinical trial

A

Apply an intervention and examine its effects on these events

7
Q

Cohort Studies

A

A type of observational study in which observations are made in a group of subjects that is followed over time

8
Q

Cross-sectional Study

A

Observations are made on a single occasion

9
Q

Prospective Study

A

A cohort study that begins in the present and follow subjects into the future

10
Q

Retrospective Study

A

Cohort study that examines information and specimens that have been collected in the past

11
Q

Case-control Design

A

Cohort study that compares a group of people who have a condition with another group who do not

12
Q

Randomized Blinded Trial

A

Clinical trial where subjects are chosen at random and both investigator and subjects do not know who receives the treatment

13
Q

Descriptive Study

A

Observational study that explores the lay of the land; might describe distributions

14
Q

Analytic Studies

A

Evaluate associations to permit inferences about cause-and-effect relationships

15
Q

Inclusion/exclusion Criteria

A

Define the target population in a study

16
Q

Predictor Variable

A

The treatment in a study

17
Q

Outcome Variable

A

The outcome of a study

18
Q

Confounding Variables

A

Other predictors of the outcome that could be related to the effects of the intervention and confuse the interpretation of the findings

19
Q

Statistical Power

A

Reasonable probability in a study

20
Q

Internal Validity

A

The degree to which the investigator draws the correct conclusions about what actually happened in the study.

21
Q

External Validity

A

The degree to which these conclusions can be appropriately applied to people and events outside the study.

22
Q

Random Error

A

Is a wrong result due to chance.

23
Q

Systematic Error

A

Is a wrong result due to bias.

24
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Has to do with collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data.

25
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Has to do with drawing inferences or conclusions (making conjectures) about populations based on information from samples.

26
Q

Parametric Test

A

Assume that the data approximates a certain distribution.

27
Q

Non-parametric test

A

Assumes the data does not approximate a normal distribution.

28
Q

Central Tendency

A

A representative value from the data

29
Q

Dispersion

A

How much the data deviates from the central tendency

30
Q

What measure of central tendency is appropriate at the nominal level?

A

Mode

31
Q

What level of measurement of central tendency is appropriate at the ordinal level?

A

Mode

Median

32
Q

What level of measurement is appropriate at the interval/ratio level?

A

Mode
Median
Mean

33
Q

What is the appropriate measure of dispersion at the nominal level?

A

None as all measures of dispersion require quantitative data

34
Q

What is the appropriate measure of dispersion at the ordinal level?

A

Range

Interquartile (preferred since it’s more informative)

35
Q

What is the appropriate measure of dispersion at the interval/ratio level?

A
Range
Interquartile range
Standard deviation (if there is skewness or outliers use interquartile range)