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Year 2- Head and Neck > Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphonia?

A

Hoarseness

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2
Q

Odynophagia?

A

Painful swallowing

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3
Q

Dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

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4
Q

Referred otalgia?

A

Pain going from throat to ear

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5
Q

Name the three divisions of the pharynx.

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx

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6
Q

Name the three components of the larynx.

A

Supraglottis
Glottis
Subglottis

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7
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the mouth?

A

Tonsils
Soft palate

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8
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

Chewing (mastication)
Oral phase of swallowing
Taste
Transforms sound generated from the larynx into discernable words.

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9
Q

What do the muscles of mastication do?

A

Move the jaw- all attached to the mandible

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10
Q

Name the four primary muscles of mastication.

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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11
Q

What innervates the four primary muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

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12
Q

What type of innervation is given to the tongue?

A

Motor
Sensory
Special sensory- taste

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13
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the special sense of taste?

A

Caroticotympanic, branch of the facial nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve provides general and special sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve supplies the majority of the motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the platoglottus of the tongue with motor innervation?

A

Vagus nerve

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18
Q

Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Intrinsic- Inside the tongue, no bone attachment
Extrinsic- muscles which go from bone to the tongue

19
Q

List the four intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Superior longitudal
Inferior longitudal
Transverse
Vertical

20
Q

List the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

21
Q

What is the posterior border of the mouth?

A

Anterior tonsillar pillars

22
Q

What is the superior border of the mouth?

A

oral mucosal space…the mouth

23
Q

What is the anterior border of the mouth?

A

Mandibular gingiva

24
Q

What is the inferior border of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

25
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

Allows air into the larynx.

26
Q

What does the hypopharynx and oropharynx contribute towards?

A

Normal swallowing process

27
Q

What does the hypopharynx lead to?

A

Oesophagus

28
Q

Which nerves provide sensation to the oropharynx and hypopharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

29
Q

Which nerves provide motor fibres to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Vagus nerve

30
Q

Which vertebral level does the larynx run to and from?

A

C3-6

31
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

Allows flow of air from mouth to trachea
Prevents aspiration of food
Produces voice and alters pitch and volume

32
Q

How does the larynx prevent aspiration of food into the airway?

A

Closes epiglottis
Cough relfex

33
Q

Which nerve supplies all motor innervation to the laryngeal muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

(note…all muscle except cricothyroid muscle which is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve).

34
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the laryngeal muscle?

A

Vagus nerve

-Above vocal cords e.g. glottis and supraglottris = superior laryngeal nerve
-Below vocal cords e.g. subglottic= recurrent laryngeal branch

35
Q

What do the cricothyroid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Lengthen and tense vocal cords

36
Q

What do the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Abduct and externally rotate arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal cords.

37
Q

What do the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Adduct and internally rotate arytenoid cartilages, increasing medial compression

38
Q

What do the transverse arytenoid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Adduct the arytenoid cartilage, resulting in adducted vocal cords.

39
Q

What do the oblique arytenoid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Narrow laryngeal inlet by decreasing space between arytenoid cartilages

40
Q

What do the thyroarytenoid muscles do to the larynx?

A

Narrow laryngeal inlet, shorten vocal cords, lower pitch

41
Q

What are the three things that must be present to produce recognisable voice?

A
  1. Airflow to larynx
  2. Vibration/mucosal wave
  3. Resonance in upper aerodigestive tract and use of pharynx, mouth, lips and tongue to manipulate sound produced by larynx into words and sounds
42
Q

Globus Pharyngeus?

A

Feeling of something in the throat when there is nothing there

43
Q
A

Year 2- Head and Neck (13 decks)

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