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Year 2- Head and Neck > Maxillary Facial Surgery > Flashcards

Maxillary Facial Surgery Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

List some of the causes of facial trauma.

A

Assault
Falling
Sports
Self harm
RTA
Industrial

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2
Q

Give an example of a common facial injury caused by trauma.

A

Mandibular fracture

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3
Q

What is the surgical treatment for a mandibular fracture?

A

Titanium plates hold together broken bones

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4
Q

What can be a complication of surgery for mandibular fracture?

A

Neurological injury to the inferior alveolar nerve as runs through mandible on both sides

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5
Q

In those with a skull-base fracture, which complication may be seen?

A

CSF leak

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6
Q

Why is orofacial swelling dangerous?

A

Can block airways and prevent breathing

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7
Q

What can cause orofacial swelling?

A

Often odontagenic e.g. dental infection

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8
Q

What is the treatment for orofacial sweeling?

A

Drainage of pus

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9
Q

Which type of carcinoma will the vast majority of head and neck cancers be?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What are some of the worrying signs of oral squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Areas of persisting redness
Speckled red/white lesion
Area of ulceration present for more than three weeks
New area of melanin pigmentation

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11
Q

White/red legions in the mouth can get confused with which type of infection?

A

Candida infection

->if not reacting to antifungal meds, consider carcinoma

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12
Q

List some of the members of an MDT for the management of a oral malignancy.

A

Maxillofacial surgeon/ENT surgeron
Oncologist
Restorative specialist
Specialist nurses
Speech and language therapist
Physiotherapist

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13
Q

What is the primary treatment for some oral squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

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14
Q

What type of surgery may be carried out in a patient with oral malignancy?

A

Removal and reconstruction

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15
Q

What is oral mucosa?

A

Mucous membrane which covers all structures inside of the oral cavity except for the teeth

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16
Q

What colour is oral mucosa?

A

Differs depending on skin colour but usually pink or brown

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17
Q

What provides the tongue with it’s rough texture?

A

Papillae- fungiform, foliate, circumfoliate

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18
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

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19
Q

Which nerve provides the special sense of taste to the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

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20
Q

Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve CV XII

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21
Q

What is the junction between the anterior 2/3 of tongue and posterior 1/3 of tongue called?

A

Carcumvallte

or just vallate

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22
Q

What should a healthy palate look like?

A

Pink, moist and smooth

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23
Q

Name the ridges found towards the front of the palate.

A

Rugae

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24
Q

What would you see in a patient with aphthous stomatitis?

25
Leukoplakia?
White patch
26
Erythroplakia?
Red patch
27
Erythroleukoplakia?
Red and white patch
28
What is the typical oral presentation for lichen planus?
Reticular- lace like white lines across bucular tissue of mouth
29
What is the treatment for oral lichen planus if it causes irritation?
Topical steroids
30
What is candidiasis?
Overgrowth of candida albicans
31
What can candidiasis cause?
Denture stomatitis
32
What is the prevention for denture stomatitis?
Removal of dentures at night Soaking dentures in dilute milton or chlorhexodine
33
What is the treatment for denture stomatits?
Antifungal meds
34
Give an example of a topical antifungal which can be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.
Nystatin Amphotocerin B Micronazole
35
Give an example of a systemic antifungal which can be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.
Fluconazole
36
What is oral thrush?
Acute fungal infection
37
What would be seen in oral thrush?
White patches than can be wiped off to reveal white inflammed areas
38
Who is more likely to develop chronic hyperplastic candidiasis of the mouth.
Those who smoke
39
What is the treatment for chronic hyperplastic candidiasis?
Stop smoking Anti-fungals
40
What is angular chellitis?
Red corners of mouth
41
In which nutritional deficiencies may angular chellitis be seen?
Vitamin B12 Iron
42
List some factors which can contribute to apthous ulcers.
Stress Trauma to oral mucosa Menstruation Hereditary Haematinic deficiencies
43
Where would you find minor apthous ulcers?
Non-keratonsing areas e.g. cheek, floor of mouth
44
Where would you find major apthous ulcers?
Posterior part of mouth
45
Which type of apthous ulcer may leave scarring?
Major apthous ulcers
46
How long will it take minor apthous ulcers to heal?
Less than two weeks
47
What are the treatments for apthous ulcers?
Antiseptic mouthwash Steroids
48
What is the issue with apthous ulcers?
They are reoccurrent
49
Xerostomia?
Dry mouth
50
What causes xerostomia?
Reduced flow of saliva
51
What can xerostomia be a side effect of?
Chemotherapy to head and neck
52
What can severe xerostomia cause to happen?
Tooth decay
53
What is the management of xerstomia?
Saliva replacements
54
What can those with xerstomia be more susceptible to?
Oral candida infection
55
What is herpes labialis more commonly known as?
Cold soreW
56
What causes cold sores?
Reactivation of Herpes Simplex virus from trigeminal ganglion
57
What are the clinical features of herpes labialis?
Vesicular, crusting or ulcerated lesion typically around the lip. Often preceded by prickling sensation
58
When may those with cold sores get them again?
Stress Sunlight
59

Year 2- Head and Neck (13 decks)

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