anatomy and types of tissues Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the anatomical position? (4)
- body standing upright
- feet at shoulder width and parallel
- toes forward
- upper limbs held out to each side with palms of the hands facing forward.
What is the difference between medial and lateral?
Medial = towards the midline e.g. heart, lateral = away from the midline e.g. arm
midline = if u split urself in half left and right
What is the difference between proximal and distal?
Proximal = closer to the centre of the body, distal = further away from the body. e.g. feet or hands
What are the 3 body planes?
Coronal, sagittal, transverse.
What is the coronal plane?
Plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal parts. (front and back)
What is the sagittal plane?
Plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
What is the transverse plane?
Plane that divides the body into inferior and superior parts. (top and bottom)
What are anterior and posterior also known as?
Ventral vs dorsal.
What are superior (closer to the head) and inferior (closer to the lower part of the body) are also known as?
Cranial vs caudal.
What is cell differentiation?
The process where a cell changes from one cell type to another, usually to a more specialised type.
What are the stages of development of a multicellular organism?
Simple zygote → embryonic complex system of cell types and tissues → fully developed organism.
What type of potency do embryonic stem cells have?
Pluripotent - can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism.
What are germ line cells?
Any line of cells that give rise to gametes—eggs and sperm.
How many types of body tissues are there?
4 types.
What are the types of tissues?
Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue.
What are examples of epithelial tissues?
Skin, lining of organs, lining of blood vessels.
What do epithelial cells consist of?
Layers of cells that cover the exterior surface of the body, line organs, internal cavities, and passageways.
What roles do epithelial cells have?
Secretion, absorption, protection, and transcellular transport.
What is connective tissue?
The tissue that forms a matrix beneath the epithelial tissue and is a connecting or supporting framework for most of the organs of the body.
What types of fibrous tissue are included in connective tissues?
Bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and adipose tissue.
What roles do specialised fluid connective tissues like blood and lymph have?
Transport of fluid, nutrients, waste, and chemical messengers.
What role does adipose tissue play?
Storage of surplus energy and thermal insulation of the body.
What are the properties of muscle tissues?
Allow both voluntary and involuntary movements.
How many types of muscle tissues are there?
3 types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
