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Anatomy (Bio 2325) Flashcards

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1
Q

Different layers of bone

A

Articular cartilage, Subchondral bone, Compact bone, periosteum, Medullary cavity, spongy bone

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2
Q

Different types of bones

A

Short, long, flat, irregular, pneumatized, sesamoid

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3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs, associated pectoral and pelvic girdles

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4
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Central axis of the body and consists of the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and skull

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5
Q

Clavicle (orientation)

A

Sternal extremity - Medial (towards sternum)
Conoid tubercle - Inferior & posterior

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6
Q

Scapula (orientation)

A

Acromion - Lateral & superior (palpable)
Spine - posterior (palpable)

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7
Q

Humerus (orientation)

A

Head - Medial & proximal
Olecranon Fossa - Posterior

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8
Q

Ulna (orientation)

A

Trochlear notch - Anterior & proximal
Radial notch - Lateral (towards the radius)

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9
Q

Radius (orientation)

A

Styliod process - Lateral & distal
Radial tuberosity - Anterior/medial

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10
Q

Os coxae (orientation)

A

Iliac crest - Superior (palpable)
Acetabulum - Lateral
Anterior iliac spines - Anterior

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11
Q

Femer (orientation)

A

Head - Medial & proximal
Linea aspera - Posterior

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12
Q

Tibia (orientation)

A

Tibial tuberosity - Anterior & proximal
Medial malleolus - Medial

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13
Q

Fibula (orientation)

A

Fossa of lateral malleolus - Medial, posterior, & distal

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14
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Formed by clavicle and scapula

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15
Q

Clavicle

A

The anterior bone of the pectoral girdle

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16
Q

Scapula

A

The posterior bone of the pectoral girdle

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17
Q

Superior limb proper

A

Consists of brachium (arm), antebrachium (forearm), and manus (hand)

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18
Q

Humerus

A

The bone of the brachium

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19
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the antebrachium

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20
Q

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the antebrachium

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21
Q

Hand or manus

A

The hand skeleton consists of three regions: the carpus or wrist, the metacarpal region or palm, and the digits or fingers and thumb

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22
Q

Carpal bones

A

The eight small short bones, called wrist bones, are at the proximal end of the hand skeleton

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23
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

The five short long bones that form the palm region of the hand skeleton

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24
Q

Phalanges

A

The fourteen bones of the digits (fingers and thumb). Each finger has three phalanges, while the thumb has only two

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25
Pelvic girdle
Two halves, three bones. Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
26
Os coxae or hip bone
This bone consists of the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis
27
Inferior limb proper
Three regions - the thigh, crus (leg, and pes (foot)
28
Femur
The bone of the thigh. This is the largest bone in the body.
29
Patella
The kneecap bone. The patella is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are bones that form within a tendon. The patella forms in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris musclature.
30
Tibia
Medial bone of the leg
31
Fibula
Lateral bone of the leg
32
Foot or pes
The foot skeleton consists of three regions: the tarsus or ankle, the metatarsal region, and the digits or toes.
33
Tarsal bones
The seven bones in the proximal end of the foot skeleton form the region known as the ankle.
34
Metatarsal bones
The five short long bones that form the middle portion of the foot skeleton.
35
Phalanges
The fourteen bones of the digits (toes). Each small toe has three phalanges, while the great toe only has two.
36
Vertebral Column
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
37
Cervical Vertebrae
Atlas and axis
38
Thoracic Vertebrae
Costal Facets, form with the ribs
39
Lumbar Vertebrae
5, absence of transverse foramina
40
Sacrum
5, fused sacral vertebrae, form the posterior pelvic wall
41
Coccyx
Triangular tail at the caudal end of the sacrum
42
Thoracic (rib) cage
Form a protective cage around the thoracic viscera and play a role in the ventilation of the lungs
43
Sternum
3 parts
44
Manubrium
This is the handle-like cranial portion of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs
45
Body
The body is the largest central portion of the sternum, and it consists of four fused segments or sternebrae. It articulates with ribs two to seven one each side.
46
Xiphois process
This is the sword-like process located at the caudal end of the sternum
47
Ribs
12 paired ribs
48
Head
This is the rounded posterior extremity that articulates with the vertebral column
49
Neck
This is the slightly constricted region of bone adjacent to the head
50
Tubercle
This is a small projection of bone at the junction of the neck and the shaft of the rib. The tubercle has an articular facet for its articulation with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae.
51
Shaft
This is the thin, flattened continuation of the rib that makes up the greatest part of the bone.
52
Costal groove
This is a shallow groove on the inferior, internal surface of the rib. The intercoastal artery, vein, and nerve run within this groove as they course around the rib cage.
53
True ribs
The first seven ribs are termed true ribs because their costal cartilage is connected directly to the sternum
54
False ribs
The next five ribs are called false ribs because their cartilage does not join the sternum directly, instead, it is joined to the costal cartilage of the more superior ribs or is not attached at all
55
Floating ribs
Ribs 11 and 12, and in some races rib 10, have small coastal cartilages that are not attached to the costal cartilage of the rib above.
56
Hyoid Bone
The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the anterior portion of the neck just inferior to the mandible. It serves as an important attachment site for the muscles of the tongue and certain ventral body wall muscles of the neck
57
Cranium
29 bones
58
Cranial Cavity
Houses the brain
59
Foramen Magnum
Opening at the base of the cranial vault through which the spinal cord passes as it exits the cranium
60
Orbit
Contains the eyes and muscles that produce their movements
61
Nasal cavity
Initial passageway of the respiratory tract
62
Osseous sinuses
Form connections with the nasal cavity. Frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones.
63
Oral cavity
Mouth
64
Frontal bone
The forehead, forms the anterior wall of the cranial vault.
65
Parietal bone
Forms much of the superior and lateral walls of the cranial vault.
66
Occipital bone
Forms the posterior wall of the cranial vault and continues to the undersurface of the cranium, where it surrounds the spinal cord to form the foramen magnum.
67
Temporal bone
The flat squamous portion forms the sides of the cranial vault, while the rock-like petrous portion contributes to the base of the cranium and houses the middle and inner ear cavities. Within the middle ear cavity are the three small ear ossicles.
68
Maxillary bone
They form the upper jaw, including the anterior roof of the mouth (hard plate), the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit.
69
Ear ossicles
The malleus, the incus, and the stapes.
70
Mandible
U-shaped body that houses the lower tooth row
71
Zygomatic bone
Forms the cheek and zygomatic arch.
72
Nasal bone
The nasal bone is an oblong bone of various size that unites with its partner below the frontal bone to form the bridge of the nose and the anterior wall of the upper nasal cavity
73
Sphenoid bone
Wedged into the base of the cranium just in front of the temporal bones and basilar part of the occipital bone. Contributes to the anterior and basal walls of the cranial vault, the posterior walls of the orbit, and the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity.
74
Ethmoid bone
Located at the anterior part of the base of the cranium, where it surrounds the olfactory nerves as they enter the nasal cavity.
75
Lachrimal bone
Forms the anteromedial walls of the orbit.
76
Palatine bone
The small L-shaped palatine bones form the posterior third of the hard palate and contribute to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
77
Vomer bone
A thin, flat bone whose shape resembles a plow. It forms the posteroinferior part of the bony nasal septum.
78
Inferior nasal conchae bone
Project horizontally into the nasal cavity, where they greatly increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa.
79

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