Bio 1610

Question 1

After observing that fish live in clean water but not in polluted water, researchers think that maybe polluted water kills fish. Scientifically, this statement is an example of a(n)

Answer 1

hypothesis

Question 2

An investigation was designed to study the impact of drug X on recovery from Covid-19. The patients were divided into two groups: one the experimental group and one was the control group. The Covid-19 patients in the experimental group were each given 50mg of drug X mixed in 100ml of apple juice and the time to recovery was measured. Which of the following describes the best example of a control for this experiment.

Answer 2

The control group were each given 100ml of apple juice without drug X and time to recovery was measured

Question 3

A lithium atom contains three protons. For this atom to have a neutral/no NET charge, it must also contain…..

Answer 3

3 electrons

Question 4

A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond

Answer 4

share electrons between the 2 atoms unequally

Question 5

When depicting a chemical structure, a solid line between 2 elements denotes a

Answer 5

covalent bond

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of water molecules?

Answer 6

hydrogen bonding allows water to dissolve polar solutes

Question 7

if the pH is 3, then the H+ ion concentration [H+] is

Answer 7

0.001

Question 8

A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that:

Answer 8

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 9

Oxygen (atomic number 8) is an element found in nearly all biological molecules.

How many electrons does it have in its valence shell? ; How many covalent bonds can it form with other atoms?

Answer 9

6;2

Question 10

An ion with a -1 charge has ________ .

Answer 10

one more electron than protons

Question 11

Water interactions are depicted in the figure below (the small, unshaded circles are hydrogens and the large, unshaded circles are oxygens). Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the shaded ion depicted in the center most likely has________.

Answer 11

a full negative charge

Question 12

Several chemical properties make water uniquely suited for its role as an essential “molecule of life”. Which statement below is FALSE regarding water?

Answer 12

hydrogen bonding within a water molecule makes it stable

Question 13

A solution of pH 7 has __________ [H+] than a solution of pH 4.

Answer 13

1,000 times lower (less)

Question 14

You have a solution with a Hydrogen ion concentration of 0.0000000001

A. What is the pH of this solution?

B. Is this solution acidic, basic or neutral?

Answer 14

A: 10
B: basic

Question 15

A _______ substance would likely contain __________ bonds, which would cause it NOT to interact with water

Answer 15

hydrophobic; nonpolar covalent

Question 16

Which of the four major biomolecule types contains the information / instructions for the cell?

Answer 16

nucleic acids

Question 17

The making of a covalent bond (building a polymer) between two nucleotides requires the:

Answer 17

release of a water molecule (dehydration synthesis)

Question 18

If a double-stranded DNA sample were composed of 20% cytosine, what would be the percentage of thymine?

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

Which strand listed below is the complementary strand to this DNA strand:

5’ ATCTCTGG 3’

Answer 19

3’ TAGAGACC 5’

Question 20

Which of these levels of protein structure involve hydrogen bonding interactions between backbone groups on a single polypeptide?

Answer 20

secondary

Question 21

Which of these levels of protein structure involve only peptide bonds?

Answer 21

primary

Question 22

What’s the most likely impact of adding heat or changing the pH of a solution to a protein?

Answer 22

It can denature by losing its tertiary structure

Question 23

Which of the following statements below correctly describe the role of the enzyme during DNA replication?

Answer 23

Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases to unwind the DNA

Question 24

Promoter sequences are made of what type of biomolecule polymers?

Transcription factors are made of what type of biomolecule polymers?

Answer 24

A: Nucleic Acids
B: Proteins

Question 25

What is the name of the final product (orange pieces) that leaves the nucleus to be translated?

Answer 25

Exons

Question 26

What is the name of the pieces that are not assembled into the final product, but instead remain in the nucleus?

Answer 26

Introns

Question 27

Which of the following descriptions accurately describes how different cell types in a person's body can have such different functions?

Answer 27

Different cells have different transcription factors

Question 28

When nutrients are suboptimal (too low) for cell growth and replication of its DNA, the cell cycle arrests (stops). At which stage of the cell cycle/checkpoint would you predict this arrest to occur?

Answer 28

G1/S checkpoint

Question 29

Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate during:

Answer 29

Meiosis 1

Question 30

Assume the parent cell is diploid (2n). At the end of mitosis the daughter cells are __________; at the end of meiosis I the daughter cells are __________; and at the end of meiosis II the daughter cells are __________.

Answer 30

diploid; haploid; haploid

Question 31

A human body cell in G1 of interphase has _______________ the amount of DNA as it had in prophase of Mitosis.

Answer 31

half

Question 32

Mendel's 1st law (Segregation of alleles) corresponds to the

Answer 32

random fertilization of gametes

Question 33

Which of the following generates genetic diversity during meiosis?

Answer 33

recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 34

Why does meiosis result in more genetic variation than mitosis?

Answer 34

because of the events of meiosis I

Question 35

Two phenotypically normal parents (carriers) have a son who is phenotypically normal and a daughter who is affected with a rare recessive disease. What is the chance that the normal son is a carrier?

Answer 35

2/3

Question 36

Two phenotypically normal parents (carriers) have a child who is affected with a recessive disease. What is the chance that their next two children will be affected (i.e., have the disease)?

Answer 36

1/16

Question 37

Two parents are both carriers for two different autosomal recessive disorders, PKU (chromosome 12) and cystic fibrosis (chromosome 7). What is the probability that their child will have both PKU and CF? 


Answer 37

1/16

Question 38

All of the following happen during mitosis except:

Answer 38

pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis).

Question 39

All of the following happen during meiosis (I or II) except:

Answer 39

synthesis of DNA

Question 40

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the role of the enzyme during DNA replication?

Answer 40

RNA polymerase removes the RNA primer

Question 41

Promoter sequences are made of what type of biomolecule polymers?

Answer 41

Nucleic acids

Question 42

Transcription factors are made of what type of biomolecule polymers?

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

Which of these is NOT part of Mendel's Laws for diploid (2n) organisms?

Answer 43

Discrete elements or traits for different traits can be linked (not independent)

Question 44

Segregation of alleles corresponds to the:

Answer 44

separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 45

A human body cell in G1 of interphase has _______________ the amount DNA as it had in G2.

Answer 45

half

Question 46

Which of these is not a source of genetic variation?

Answer 46

mitosis

Question 47

Select the TWO answers below that could diffuse across a plasma membrane the fastest.

Answer 47

O2 and CO2

Question 48

Predict how polar heads and non-polar tails of phospholipids would arrange themselves when they are placed in a non-polar solution (e.g. vegetable oil).

Answer 48

non-polar hydrocarbon tails will face the non-polar solvent (oil) while polar heads will be pointed inwards away from the solvent

Question 49

Primary active transport involves using _________________ to move molecules ______ their concentration gradient.

Answer 49

Answer 1: energy like ATP hydrolysis Answer 2: against

Question 50

Two semi-permeable membrane bags containing: 40% glucose solution in bag A, and 20% glucose solution in bag B, respectively, are placed in a beaker containing 30% glucose. The bags are permeable to water, but not glucose. What will happen?

Answer 50

None of these answers are correct

Question 51

Sodium ions (Na+) moving through voltage-gated sodium channels in a neuron membrane with (or down) a concentration gradient is an example of

Answer 51

facilitated diffusion

Question 52

Water molecules moving out of the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypertonic (more concentrated salt) solution is an example of

Answer 52

Osmosis

Question 53

Membrane transport proteins using ATP to move protons into the lysosomal vesicle against the concentration gradient is an example of

Answer 53

primary active transport

Question 54

Carbon dioxide (CO2) moving across the membrane from the mitochondria of a muscle cell where it is produced (higher concentration) to the fluid surrounding the cell (lower concentration) is an example of

Answer 54

simple diffusion

Question 55

The action of sodium-potassium pumps that use ATP to move sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell and potassium ions (K+) into a cell (against their concentration gradients) is an example of

Answer 55

primary active transport

Question 56

Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient, driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cells with/down their concentration gradient is an example of

Answer 56

secondary active transport

Question 57

A concentration gradient with more H+ on one side of a membrane contains ________ energy. The movement of H+ through ATP synthase represents _________ energy.

Answer 57

Answer 1: potential Answer 2: kinetic

Question 58

What type of mutation would result from changing the boxed 3rd nucleotide for Val (G) to any other nucleotide (A,T, or C)?

Answer 58

Silent mutation

Question 59

Carboxyl

Answer 59

AP*

Question 60

Hydroxyl

Answer 60

P

Question 61

Carbonyl

Answer 61

P

Question 62

Phosphate

Answer 62

AP*

Question 63

Methyl

Answer 63

NP

Question 64

Amino

Answer 64

BP*

Question 65

Protein Synthesis Step 1

Answer 65

mRNA attaches to the ribosome

Question 66

Protein Synthesis Step 2

Answer 66

The ribosome starts to build a polypeptide

Question 67

Protein Synthesis Step 3

Answer 67

A protein (SRP) attaches to the ER signal on the polypeptide, and translation pauses

Question 68

Protein Synthesis Step 4

Answer 68

The ribosome attaches to the rough ER, threading the polypeptide through the channel, and the SRP leaves, resuming translation

Question 69

Protein Synthesis Step 5

Answer 69

The protein is sent to the Golgi apparatus from ER

Question 70

Protein Synthesis Step 6

Answer 70

Protein is sorted by the Golgi apparatus and secreted from the cell