⦛What does the Parasympathetics control?
Peristalsis, relaxation of sphincters of gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, stimulation of glandular activities, urination, erection and defecation.
What does the Sympathetics control?
Control vascular tone, contraction of sphincters of gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, smooth musculature of ducts of male reproductive tract and famel reproductive organs.
What are the 3 components of the Aortic Plexus?
Sympathetic Fibers, Parasympathetic fibers, Autonomic ganglia and visceral afferents.
What is the celiac plexus?
Celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglion and aorticorenal/renal ganglia containing post ganglion sympathetic neurons.
What synapses in the celiac plexus?
Thoracic splanchnic nerves.
where does the parasympathetic fibers of the celiac plexus come from?
Vagues nerve.
What synapses in the multiple small ganglia of the inferior mesenteric plexus?
Lumbar splanchnic nerves.
What level is the Visceral afferents of the Inferior mesenteric plexus originating from?
L1-L2
Where do the parasympathetics of the inferior mesenteric plexus originating from?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Where is the superior hypogastric plexus?
bifurcation of the aorta.
What is in the superior hypogastric plexus?
small sympathetic ganglia from lumbar splanchnics, paraympathetic fibers and visceral afferents from pelvic organs.
What is in the inferior hypogastric plexi?
fibers from or to superior hypogastric plexus, preganglion parasympathetic fibers from pelvic splanchnics distributed to pelvic viscera with internal iliac artery.
What is in the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves?
preganglionic sympathetic and visceral pain afferents.
Where does the greater splanchnic nerve originate from?
T5-T9
Where dooes the greater splanchnic nerve synapse?
Pirmarily celiac ganglia, some fibers go directly to adrenal medulla to synapse to realse catecholamines.
Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate?
T10-T11
Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse?
Superior mesenteric ganglia.
Where does the least splanchnic nerve originate?
T12
Where does the least splanchnic nerve synpase?
aorticorenal ganglia.
Where does the lumbar splanchnics originate?
L1-L2
Where does the lumbar splanchnic nerve synapse?
inferior mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.
How distally does the vagus nerve innervate?
splanic flexure.
Where does the Vagus nerve synapse?
Microscopic myenteric ganglia in the wall of the viscera.
How does the vagus nerve trave into the abdomen?
As anterior and posterior gastric nerves traveling with the esophaguse.
What does the anterior gastric nerve innervate?
Anterior stomach and liver distributed with left gastric and common hepatic branches of the celiac trunk.
What does the Posterior gastric nerve innervate?
spleen, pancreas viea splenic artery. Primary course with superior mesenteric artery.
What also travels with the gastric nerves?
Visceral afferent fibers.
Where does Pelvic Splanchnic nerve originate from?
Intermediolateral cell column from S2-S4.
What supplies the parietal peritoneum?
ventral rami vis intercostal or lumbar nerves causing sharp and localized pain.
What nerves allows for the feeling of needing to pee?
visceral afferent fibers traveling with the pelvic splanchnics as they respond to the pressure.
How is voiding accomplished?
Contraction of smooth muscle of bladder initiated by pelvic splanchnic nerves. Pubococcygeus and pelvic diaphragm relax place the bladder in direct alignment. Sphincters relaxes allowing urine to flow.
What does the spincter of the urethra work with?
Pubococcygeus.
How is elimination accomplished?
Increase peristalsis and simultaneous relaxtion of the puborectalis muscle and internal and external anal sphincter.
What does the puborectalis doe?
pull the rectum anterioly to take the anal canal out of alignment with the rectum.
What causes and erection?
Parasympathetic innervation via the internal pudendal artery causing vasodilation of the spongy erectile tissue and secretion of bulbourethral and periurethral glands.
What happens during emissions?
Sympathetic inber stimulates smooth muscles of ducts of epididymis, vas deferns, prostate and seminal vesicles which is released into the prostatic urethra.
What happens during ejaculation?
semen enters penile urethra and expelled by rhythmic contraction of bulbospongiosus and ischiovagernosus muscles.
How is reflux of ejaculate prevented?
Contraction of internal urethral sphincter.