anatomy chap 1

Question 1

Anatomy = ?
Physiology = ?

Answer 1

*Form
*Function

Question 2

Gross Anatomy?

Answer 2

study of organs & tissue
VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE

Question 3

Systemic Anatomy?

Answer 3

study of organs working together to achieve common functions

Question 4

Regional Anatomy?

Answer 4

study of anatomical regions and their interrelationships

Question 5

Surface Anatomy?

Answer 5

study of internal structures that are under the skin

Question 6

Microscopic Anatomy?
* cytology
*histology

Answer 6

study of body structure not visible to the eye
cytology = cells
histology = tissue

Question 7

Developmental Anatomy?
*embryology?

Answer 7

studies the changes that occur in the body throughout life
– embryology studies it before birth

Question 8

Complementarity (relationship) of structure & function?

Answer 8

STRUCTURE DICTATES FUNCTION

Question 9

4 macromolecules?
+ list level of structural organization

Answer 9

1. lipids 2. nucleic acid 3. protein 4. carbs

Levels: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ system, organism

Question 10

4 basic types of tissue?

Answer 10

epithelium, connective, muscle nervous

Question 11

Organ level - at least how many groups of tissue work together?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

How many organ systems? List them.

Answer 12

12
Digestive, Muscular, Integumentary (skin), Lymphatic, Endocrine, Nervous, Skeletal, Male Reproductive, Female Reproductive, Respiratory, Urinary, Circulatory

Question 13

Function & Organs of the Integumentary System?

Answer 13

Function: protection & sensation
Organs: skin, hair, nails

Question 14

Function & Organs of the Skeletal System?

Answer 14

Function: Movement & protection of internal organs
Organs: bones, cartilages, & ligaments

Question 15

Function & Organs of the Muscular System?

Answer 15

Function: Movement & Stability
Organs: Skeletal Muscles

Question 16

Function & Organs of Nervous System?

Answer 16

Function: Rapid communication, sensation, information processing

Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Question 17

Function & Organs of the Endocrine System?

Answer 17

Function: Hormone production

Organs: Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

Question 18

Function & organs of the Circulatory System?

Answer 18

Function: Distribution of chemicals
and immune cells throughout the body. Also controls temperature regulation, pH & water balance

Organs: Heart, arteries, veins

Question 19

Function & Organs of Lymphatic System?

Answer 19

Function: Defense against pathogens and disease, production of immune
cells

Organs: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Question 20

Function & Organs of Respiratory system

Answer 20

Function: Gas exchange – absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide.

Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 21

Function & Organs of the Respiratory System?

Answer 21

Function: nutrient breakdown and absorption + the disposal of toxins and cleaning of blood.

Organs: Stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus

Question 22

Function & Organs of Urinary System?

Answer 22

Function: Elimination of waste; regulation of blood volume and content

Organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 23

Function & Organs of Male + Female Reproductive System.

Answer 23

Function:
Male – production and delivery of sperm;
Female – production of eggs; fertilization and fetal development; birth; lactation
Both – sex hormone secretion

Organs:
o Male – testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis
Female – ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary gland

Question 24

Movement & Contractility

Answer 24

Movement - the actions of the muscular system that are both voluntary & involuntary

Contractility - the muscle cells ability to move by shortening

Question 25

What is Responsiveness + Give an example

Answer 25

ability to sense & respond to stimuli in the envoirment example: reflex muscle

Question 26

Digestion + Metabolism (catabolism & anabolism)

Answer 26

Digestion: the process of breaking down consumed material for absorption Metabolism: all chemical reactions that occur in body cells *catabolism - complex structures into simpler substances *anabolism - using nutrients & oxygen to make ATP

Question 27

What is Control Mechanism + the components?

Answer 27

It's how the body maintains stability through regulation Components: Receptors - receive sensory information Control Center: determines appropriate response Effector: the response which either reduces stimulI (negative feedback) or enhances stimuli (positive feedback)

Question 28

Negative Feedback

Answer 28

shuts off or reduces the original effect of the stimulus ex: regulating body temperature

Question 29

Positive Feedback

Answer 29

response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus accelerating the response ex: amplification of labor contractions

Question 30

Describe Anatomical Position

Answer 30

o Body erect o Feet slightly apart o Palms facing forward right = left left = right

Question 31

Upper Limb 1 Antebrachial = ? Cubital = ? Brachial= ?

Answer 31

Antebrachial (forearm) Cubital (elbow) Brachial (arm)

Question 32

Upper Limb 2 Axillary = ? Acromial = ? Carpal = ? Palmar = ?

Answer 32

Axillary (armpit) Acromial (shoulder) Carpal = wrist Palmar (palm)

Question 33

Lower Limb 1 Coxal= ? Patellar = ? Femoral = ?

Answer 33

Coxal (hip) Patellar (knee) Femoral (thigh)

Question 34

Lower Limb 2 Crural = ? Tarsal = ? Pedal = ?

Answer 34

Crural (leg) Tarsal (ankle) Pedal (foot)

Question 35

Cephalic = ? Cranial = ? Facial = ?

Answer 35

Cephalic (head) Cranial (top half of head) Facial (face)

Question 36

Cervical = ? Thoracic = ? Sternal = ? Pectoral = ?

Answer 36

Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Sternal (sternum) Pectoral (pecs)

Question 37

Abdominal: Umbilical = ? Inguinal = ? Pubic = ?

Answer 37

Umbilical (naval) Inguinal (groin) Pubic (pubic area)

Question 38

*Posterior View* Nuchal = ? Inter-scapular? Scapular = ? Vertebral = ?

Answer 38

Nuchal = back of neck Inter-scapular = before shoulder blades Scapular = shoulder blades Vertebral spinal column

Question 39

*Posterior View* Lumbar = ? Sacral = ? Gluteal = ? Perineal = ?

Answer 39

Lumbar = lower spine area Sacral = around base of spine Gluteal= butt Perineal = butth0le

Question 40

*Posterior View* - Lower Limb Popliteal = ? Calcaneal = ?

Answer 40

Popliteal = back of knee Calcaneal = heel